Meitra Hospital, Kerala, India

for Anal Fistula Surgery

Anal Fistula Surgery

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the epithelized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin. It is usually a sequela of an anal abscess. It rarely heals on it own hence need for surgery. The surgery is carried out under GA. There are several surgical options available, i.e., fistulotomy, advancement flap procedure, Seton technique, LIFT procedure, fibrin glue and bioprosthetic plug.

نظرة عامة

Nestled in the lush greens of Kerala, the south Indian state known as God’s Own Country, Meitra Hospital offers world-class care backed by clinical expertise in all disciplines. Spread across 7 acres of land with 4,50,000 sq ft area, our state-of-the-art facility encompasses all major full-fledged departments. We have five Centres of Excellence for Heart and Vascular Care, Neurosciences, Bone and Joint care, Gastrosciences and Renal Health. Established with a vision of creating the best healthcare delivery system in India, Meitra Hospital was created in collaboration with industry leaders across the world- Patient-Centric Design by TAHPI Australia, Superior Hospital Infrastructure manufactured by KEF Katerra, and Care–Path Model developed under the advice of Cleveland Clinic.

غير متأكد من حالتك الطبية والعلاج الذي يناسبك؟

هل أنت غير متأكد من العلاج الأنسب لحالتك الطبية أو ترغب في معرفة المزيد عن المخاطر التي ينطوي عليها العلاج؟ أو هل أنت قلق بشأن الموقع والخدمات ومؤهلات الطبيب المعالج؟ من السهل توضيح كل شكوك. ما عليك سوى مشاركة تفاصيل الاتصال الخاصة بك ، والتحدث إلى خبرائنا أو الحصول على استشارة مجانية عبر الإنترنت ، والحصول على جميع الإجابات عن أسئلتك في أي وقت من الأوقات.

المكان

The lush green city of Kozhikode lies at the heart of Kerala, the south Indian state known as God's own country.

لغة الكلام

English, Hindi, Arabic, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, French, يمكن ترتيب المترجمين للغات أخرى

الخدمات

Medical records transfer

Rehabilitation

Airport pickup

Hotel booking

Special offer for group stays

Free Wifi

Phone in the room

TV in the room

Special dietary requests accepted

Private rooms for patients available

Parking available

Pharmacy

Laundry

Mobility accessible rooms

Online doctor consultation

Medical travel insurance

Translation services

Interpreter services

Car hire

Local transportation booking

Flight booking

Local tourism options

Family accommodation

Visa / Travel office

Religious facilities

Nursery / Nanny services

Dry cleaning

Entertainment options

International newspapers

Business centre services

Fitness centre

Personal assistance / Concierge

Health insurance coordination

Spa and wellness

Restaurant

الاجراءات

Gastroenterology 23 الاجراءات

Cholecystectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove the gallbladder i.e., pear- shaped organ below the right lobe of the liver where bile is stored. The gallbladder can be removed due to inflammation (cholecystitis), gallstones if it leads to pancreatitis, gallbladder cancer, and biliary colic. The procedure can either be open or laparoscopic. Laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive and only performed by a laparoscopic surgeon. Currently, advanced laparoscopic surgeries use single incisions, a technique called single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) or laparoendoscopic single site surgery.

Colonoscopy

This is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the colon (large intestine) and the Ileum (the distal sections of the small intestine) using a fiber optic camera or a CCD camera on a flexible tube that is passed via the anus. It helps in the diagnosis of ulcers (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Cohn’s disease), polyps (e.g., HNPCC) and removal or biopsy of suspected lesions of colorectal cancer. It is also used in screening for colorectal cancer. Currently, virtual colonoscopy which is virtually noninvasive is available and uses CT scans or MRI sand to reconstruct its images.

Endoscopy

It is a nonsurgical procedure done to examine a person’s gastrointestinal tract. A patient may be anesthetized or fully conscious during the process. It is used in the investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms, confirmation of diagnosis and for treatment purposes, e.g., widening and esophageal stricture. The most commonly performed endoscopic procedure is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD). Endoscopy is also used to examine the respiratory tract (rhinoscopy or bronchoscopy), the ear (otoscope), the urinary tract (cystoscopy) and female reproductive tract (gynoscopy). The technology is also available for use in pregnancy, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, endodontic surgeries, endoscopic spinal procedure and endoscopic endonasal surgeries.

Gallstones Treatment

Treatment of gallstones is based on one's symptoms and results of diagnostic procedures. The treatment options include cholecystectomy (surgery to remove the gallbladder) and drugs meant to dissolve the stones.

Colostomy

This is a surgical procedure where a stoma is created by dragging a healthy end of the large bowel via an incision in the anterior wall of the abdomen then sutured into place. There are several techniques of colostomy, i.e., wind colostomy, loop colostomy and double barrel colostomy.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

This is a technique that combines the use of fluoroscopy and endoscopy to diagnose and treat pancreatic and biliary ductal systems conditions like bile stones.

Gastroscopy

This is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure. In the process, a flexible thin tube, i.e., an endoscope is inserted into the gullet, stomach, and the duodenum. The endoscope has a camera at its end. The most commonly used terms in hospitals to refer to the procedure are upper GI endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD).

Gastroenterology Consultation

A gastroenterologist is a physician that has unique training and experience in the management of liver and gastrointestinal diseases. In a Gastroenterology Consultation, the doctor will examine the patient’s abdomen, possibly do an endoscopic procedure, order appropriate investigations on the patient’s and formulate or review the patient's treatment plan.

Gastrointestinal Perforation Repair

This is a procedure done to repair a hole in the gastrointestinal tract. It is performed during an exploratory laparotomy where the hole is looked for and the damaged area corrected.

Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE)

This is a procedure done to manage liver cancer. Embolization is a procedure that slows or blocks the blood supply for an organ or tissue. In this case, it is used to block the blood supply to a live tumor so that that cancer cells can die. Chemoembolization is when the embolization material is used to deliver chemotherapy. Liver TACE, hepatic atrial blood supply to the tumor is blocked.

Liver Biopsy

This is biopsy taken form the liver. It is a medical procedure that is done to diagnose, assess severity or monitor response to treatment of liver diseases.

Esophageal Cancer Surgery

This is a procedure done to treat cancer of the esophagus. The diseased area is resected. It is commonly done to manage earl stage (stage 1 and 2) esophageal cancer. It can be combine with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical options available included minimally invasive esophagectomy, open esophagectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection.

Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Surgery

Adhesion are complications of radiation therapy, inflammatory processes and abdomino-pelvic surgeries. These adhesions can cause infertility, intestinal obstructions, chronic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. These surgery is meat to manage these effects of adhesions so as to improve the patients overall quality of life.

Bile Duct Cancer Surgery

This is a procedure done to manage cancers of the distal and perihiler bile ducts. The surgery removes the bile duct and all the sentinel lymph nodes, along with sections of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and small bowel depending on the patient disease statue.

Choledochotomy

This is a surgical procedure done to in which the common bile duct is to looks for an remove bile stone within it. It can be done as a laparoscopic operation or an open procedure.

Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy is a procedure that uses a tiny wireless camera to take pictures of your digestive tract. A capsule endoscopy camera sits inside a vitamin-size capsule you swallow. As the capsule travels through your digestive tract, the camera takes thousands of pictures that are transmitted to a recorder you wear on a belt around your waist. Capsule endoscopy helps doctors see inside your small intestine — an area that isn't easily reached with more-traditional endoscopy procedures. Traditional endoscopy involves passing a long, flexible tube equipped with a video camera down your throat or through your rectum.

Cystogastroctomy

Cystogastrostomy is a surgery to create an opening between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the stomach when the cyst is in a suitable position to be drained into the stomach. This conserves pancreatic juices that would otherwise be lost. This surgery is performed by a GI surgeon to avoid a life-threatening rupture of the pancreatic pseudocyst.

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer. ESD may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis. Either polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is beneficial for patients because of its low level of invasiveness. However, to ensure the curative potential of these treatment modalities, accurate histopathologic assessment of the resected specimens is essential because the depth of invasion and lymphovascular infiltration of the tumor is associated with considerable risk for lymph node metastasis. For accurate assessment of the appropriateness of the therapy, en bloc resection is more desirable than piecemeal resection. For a reliable en bloc resection of GI neoplasms, a new method of ER called endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (EUS-FNA)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is currently performed on a routine basis at many endoscopic centers and it is evident that this procedure has a major impact on the therapeutic management of patients by obtaining a definite tissue diagnosis from lesions outlined by endosonography.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) Placement

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a method of placing a tube into the stomach percutaneously, aided by endoscopy.

Esophageal Manometry

Esophageal manometry is a test to measure how well the esophagus is working. During esophageal manometry, a thin, pressure-sensitive tube is passed through your nose, down the esophagus, and into your stomach. Before the procedure, you receive numbing medicine inside the nose. This helps make the insertion of the tube less uncomfortable. After the tube is in the stomach, the tube is pulled slowly back into your esophagus. At this time, you are asked to swallow. The pressure of the muscle contractions is measured along several sections of the tube. While the tube is in place, other studies of your esophagus may be done. The tube is removed after the tests are completed. The test takes about 1 hour.

Biofeedback

During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin. Finger sensors can also be used. These electrodes/sensors send signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image that represents your heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle activity. When you're under stress, these functions change. Your heart rate speeds up, your muscles tighten, your blood pressure rises, you start to sweat, and your breathing quickens. You can see these stress responses as they happen on the monitor, and then get immediate feedback as you try to stop them. Biofeedback sessions are typically done in a therapist's office, but there are computer programs that connect the biofeedback sensor to your own computer. A biofeedback therapist helps you practice relaxation exercises, which you fine-tune to control different body functions. For example, you might use a relaxation technique to turn down the brainwaves that activate when you have a headache

Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

Hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse are frequent causes. Liver damage caused by cirrhosis can't be undone, but further damage can be limited. Initially patients may experience fatigue, weakness and weight loss. During later stages, patients may develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin), gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal swelling and confusion. Treatments focus on the underlying cause. In advanced cases, a liver transplant may be required.

General Surgery 18 الاجراءات

Bone Marrow Transplant (Autologous)

This is a surgical procedure which involves a process where unhealthy bone marrow tissue is replaced with a healthy one. In an autologous transplant, your own blood-forming stem cells are collected. You are then treated with high doses of chemotherapy. The high-dose treatment kills the cancer cells, but it also gets rid of the blood-producing cells that are left in your bone marrow.

Hernia Repair

A hernia is an abnormal protrusion in whole or part, through an OPENING, pathological or anatomically in the walls of its containing cavity, e.g., the abdominal cavity. Hernia Repair procedures involve returning this displaced tissue to their proper place. There are different types of Hernia Repair surgeries, i.e., Herniorrhaphy (tissue repair) and hernioplasty (mesh repair) where a mesh is usually sewn over weakened areas.

Mastectomy

This is the surgical removal either wholly or partially one or both breasts. It is carried out to treat breast cancer. It can be carried out prophylactically in case a patient has a high risk of breast malignancy. There are five types of mastectomies being practiced today, i.e., radical mastectomy, subcutaneous (nipple- sparing) mastectomy, partial mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy and “total” or “simple” mastectomy.

Adrenalectomy

This is the surgical excision of one or both the suprarenal glands. It can be performed as laparoscopic or as an open procedure. It is commonly performed on patients with adrenal cancers.

Appendectomy

This is the surgical removal of the appendix. It is performed after a patient suffering from acute appendicitis. It can be performed as laparoscopic or as an open procedure.

Hiatal Hernia Surgery

This is a surgery done to correct a hiatal hernia. Hiatal Hernia is the abnormal protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

This is a procedure done by a gynecologist to view a woman’s reproductive organs using a laparoscope. A laparoscope is a thin tube that is normally passed through a small cut in the abdomen. It helps the doctor to directly see the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus and nearby organs. It can be issued to localize the source of pain, examine body tissues, confirm PID or endometriosis and look for fallopian tube blockage.

Breast Abscess Drainage

This is a minor surgical procedure done to remove pus from female breast abscesses. An incision is made to create an opening through which the abscess is drained. After this, the area left is packed with iodine-soaked gauze, and the patient is given drugs to take and given an appointment to return for a checkup. A recent advance in the procedure is the introduction of percutaneous aspiration under ultrasound guidance.

Breast Lumpectomy

This is a procedure done to remove a breast tumor. The tumor and a portion of its surrounding (usually a margin of about 2 cm). It is a form of breast-conserving surgery or breast preservation procedure. It is technically a partial mastectomy procedure.

Liver Resection

This is the surgical removal of a part of the liver. It is a procedure done to manage some types of liver malignancies and metastatic colorectal cancer. The liver tumor must be located in the area under resection.

Umbilical Hernia Repair

An umbilical hernia is a pouch or bulge the forma in the anterior abdominal wall. It arises when part of the intestine push through a weak area in the anterior wall near the umbilicus. The operation aims to fix the hernia. It is done when the hernia gets largest than one inch or is causing a disfigurement or is accompanied by pain.

Nephrectomy (removal of kidney)

This is the surgical removal of a kidney. It is done to manage kidney malignancies as well as other kidney injuries and diseases. It can also be done to remove a healthy kidney for purposes of transplantation from donor.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

In a sleeve gastrectomy, also known as a vertical sleeve gastrectomy or gastric sleeve procedure, the outer margin of the stomach is removed to restrict food intake, leaving a sleeve of stomach, roughly the size and shape of a banana, and the pylorus, the muscle that controls emptying of food from the stomach into the intestine. A sleeve gastrectomy is a purely restrictive procedure. Sleeve gastrectomy - posselt slides. The sleeve gastrectomy, by reducing the size of the stomach, allows the patient to feel full after eating less and taking in fewer calories. The surgery removes that portion of the stomach that produces a hormone that can makes a patient feel hungry. Sleeve gastrectomy is a simpler operation than the gastric bypass procedure because it does not involve rerouting of or re-connection of the intestines. The sleeve gastrectomy, unlike the Lap-band, does not require the use of a banding device to be implanted around a portion of the stomach.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap Chole)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a procedure in which the gallbladder is removed by laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopic surgery also referred to as minimally invasive surgery describes the performance of surgical procedures with the assistance of a video camera and several thin instruments.

Anal Fistula

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the lining on the inside of your anal canal (back passage) and the skin near your anus. Surgery for anal fistula is usually performed under a general anesthesia. The surgery usually takes between a quarter of an hour and half an hour.

Bone Marrow Transplant (Allogeneic)

This is a surgical procedure which involves a process where unhealthy bone marrow tissue is replaced with a healthy one. An allogeneic transplant uses stem cells from a donor whose human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are acceptable matches to the patient's.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgery during which the doctor removes your gallbladder. This procedure uses several small cuts instead of one large one. A laparoscope, a narrow tube with a camera, is inserted through one incision. This allows your doctor to see your gallbladder on a screen.

Inguinal Hernioplasty (Hernia Surgery)

Inguinal hernia surgery is an operation to repair a weakness in the abdominal wall that abnormally allows abdominal contents to slip into a narrow tube called the inguinal canal in the groin region.

Dentistry 9 الاجراءات

Apicoectomy

This is an endodontic procedure that is done using a microscope hence also referred to as endodontic microsurgery. It is commonly done after a previous root canal procedure which has become infected and the second root retreatment unsuccessful or impossible. In an apicoectomy, the teeth root tip is removed, and then a root end cavity is prepared before being filled with a material that is biocompatible.

Bone Graft

It is also known as bone transplanting. This is a surgical procedure used to replace a missing bone to repair bone fractures that are complex, fail to heal in right way or pose a substantial health risk to the patient. It is that is used to repair problems with joints or bone, especially from trauma. It is also useful in ensuring that bone grows around an implanted device properly.

Dental Crown

Is a procedure used to install a dental crown after damage. Normally, it requires at least two visits to a dentist. In the first visit, dentist examines the teeth to ensure it can support the crown then starts filling the crown to ensure it can support the crown. The dentist then takes an impression of the teeth and send to the dental lab so that permanent crown is made. In the second visit, the permanent crown is installed. Several types of crowns are available, i.e., porcelain, ceramic, stainless steel, resin, and gold. The procedure can be undertaken for cosmetic reasons or repair damaged the tooth.

Dental Bridge

It is a procedure done by a dentist. A bridge is a fixed dental prosthesis used to replace a missing tooth by permanently joining an artificial tooth with an adjacent dental implant or teeth. There are four type of dental bridges, i.e., cantilever bridge, Maryland Bridge, traditional bridge and implant supported bridges.

Dental Checkup

This is a visit to a dentist. The dentist will carry out an inspection of the teeth and surrounding soft tissue to identify problems one may not be feeling or seeing. People with low risk for dental diseases need to visit a dentist at least once a year while high-risk individuals need 3 to 4 visits a year.

Braces

These are orthodontic devices used to straighten and align teeth and possibly position them with regards to a person’s natural bite. It helps improve a person’s cosmetic appearance and general health.

Dental Implant

These are surgical components that are used in dental procedures to create an interface between the jawbone or the skull to support dental prostheses like bridges, facial prostheses, denture, crown or to act just as an orthodontic anchor.

All-on-4

This is a technique that is used to rehabilitate an edentulous patient or a patient whose teeth are badly broken down, decayed or compromised due to gum disease. It is a prosthodontics surgical technique in which all the teeth will get supported on four dental implants. The four implant support a prosthesis with fixed 10-14 teeth that place immediately after surgery. All-on-four implant has the following benefits, i.e., shorter installation time, prevent future bone loss, and ensure the arch is restored fully.

Cosmetic Dentistry Consultation

A cosmetic dentist is a dental practitioner that will help you change your appearance by changing your smile, gum, bite, and teeth. The consultation focuses on improving one's appearance regarding position, size, color, shape, and smile. The consultation helps you get a professional opinion before you make any final decisions.

Bariatric Surgery 6 الاجراءات

Bariatric Surgery Consultation

This is a weight loss procedure. Currently, most are performed laparoscopically. These include sleeve gastrostomy, adjustable gastric band, gastric bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch. This consultation will provide you with details about this procedure and go on to offer details of procedure relevant to thee. We will endeavor to explain to you how the procedures work and how it will help you achieve your desired weight.

Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS)

Its a procedure similar to a gastric bypass. It involves creating a small stomach pouch then rerouting the intestines. The procedure has several advantages and some disadvantages. In this procedure, surgeons create a small stomach and rest of stomach removed. The small bowel is then divided into two parts. The end of the small bowel is connected to the stomach so that food passes directly from the small stomach to it and the bypassed piece that contains bile and important digestive enzymes connected to last part of the ileum. Food and the enzymes will meet in this area where digestion takes place. The patients thus digest efficiently and eat less food. This leads to weight loss and correction of metabolic syndrome.

Gastric Band Surgery

This is a weight loss surgery. In it, the surgeon places a band around the upper part of one's stomach hence creating a small pouch to hold food. The band will help limit the quantity of food one can take by making one feel early satiety after consuming small food. The procedure is currently performed laparoscopically.

Gastric Balloon Treatment

This is weight loss treatment modality where a deflated balloon is inserted endoscopically inside one's stomach via the esophagus then filled with a sterile saline solution. It causes a person to feel full faster hence eats less food.

Gastric Bypass Surgery

This is a surgical procedure where the stomach is divided into a smaller upper pouch and a much larger remnant pouch after which the small bowel is rearranged to connect with both. It is currently performed endoscopically. It used to manage type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, sleep apnea, etc.

Gastric Sleeve

This is a surgical procedure done to induce weight loss in a patient. Partial gastrostomy is done in which a larger portion of the stomach will be removed leaving only 15% of its original weight intact. It permanently reduced the size of one’s stomach despite the fact that sometimes dilation may occur later in life. In can be achieved through an open or laparoscopic surgery.

Cardiology 23 الاجراءات

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Closure

An ASD is a congenital heart defect in the atrial septum that results in leakage oxygen-rich blood from left atrium to the right atrium. This increases the work of workload of the right side of the heart and if not corrected early can lead to heart failure. The defect if small can be corrected by cardiac catheterization usually by a pediatric cardiologist. A large defect often needs open heart procedures.

Cardiac Assessment

This is the systematic examination of a patient’s cardiovascular system with the aim of diagnosing cardiovascular problems. The assessment encompasses taking a comprehensive history of a patient, carrying out a thorough physical examination of a patient and finally doing investigations such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, central venous pressure, etc.

Coronary Angiogram

It is a type of cardiac catheterization procedure. It is performed for both interventional and diagnostic purposes. In this procedure, a dye that is radiopaque is injected into the blood vessels of one’s heart. An X-ray machine is then used to take serial images (angiograms) that give a picture of how the blood vessels are. Based on the finding, an interventional cardiologist will open the clogged vessels (angioplasty).

Coronary Angioplasty

Also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Thais is a procedure that is used to widen narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. The procedure is carried out by an interventional cardiologist. When combined with stenting, it is referred to as percutaneous coronary intervention. Is should be done within thirty minutes to 2 hours after a having a cardiac event.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Also referred to as colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery. It is an operation done restore normal blood flow to obstructed coronary vessels hence used to manage coronary heart disease. The surgery has two main approaches, i.e., diversion of the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery in the left coronary vessel and using the great saphenous vein to create a connection between the aorta or its branch to the obstructed artery distance to the obstruction.

Cardiology Consultation

This is a hospital checkup and review by a qualified cardiologist. It involves patient assessment, treatment planning, diagnosis and cardiac interventions.

Bentall Procedure

This is a cardiothoracic operation that involves the replacement of a composite graft of the aortic root, ascending aorta and the aortic valve with implantation of coronary arteries into the graft.

Cardiac CT

This is a painless imaging modality that uses x-rays to take detailed images of one’s heart and its blood vessels. It may or may not be done with intravenous contrast agents. The modern multidetector CT (MDCT) is highly sensitive.

Atrioventricular Fistula Treatment

This is a procedure used to correct abnormal connections between the atria and ventricles of one's heart. The surgery requires the deformity be repaired to ensure that the correct flow of blood in one’s heart is achieved.

Aortic Valve Repair

This is a procedure done to repair or replace aortic valves damaged by disease. Aortic valves are one of the four heart valves that help regulate the flow of blood in the heart. The surgeon will remove the damaged valves and replace them with a prosthetic one which is then screwed into place. The valves can be mechanical (made of artificial materials like carbon) or biological, i.e., from animal or human tissue.

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) Treatment

Atrioventricular Septal Defect is a congenital malformation of the heart that allows the mixing of blood from the right and left sides of the heart. It can be due to the absence of the persistence of fetal interatrial foramen or the complete absence of part or whole of the septum. The management of the condition is surgical.

Aortopulmonary Window Repair

Aortopulmonary Window is a rare defect of the heart in which there is a hole connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery abs a result failure of the conotructal ridges to fuse. As spontaneous closure does not occur, once a diagnosis is made, Aortopulmonary Window Repair surgery is the only solution.

24 Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring

This allows a patient’s blood pressure to be measured at regular intervals (20-30 minutes) over a 24 hour period, whether the patient is asleep or awake. The BP will be measure as one goes about the activities of his daily life. It helps to detect masked hypertension, sustained hypertension and white coat hypertensions. It is also good in situations like BP change due to medication, pregnancy related hypertension, borderline hypertension, fainting episodes and when it is difficult to control BP with drugs.

Heart Transplant

Heart Transplant surgery is done to replace a damaged heart with a healthy, working heart that is taken from an ‘organ donor’ who has recently died. However, in very rare cases, the diseased heart is kept in its place to support the donated heart, instead of being removed. Heart transplant is used as a last resort when all the other cardiac treatments fail to improve the health of the patient.

Minimally Invasive (Key hole) Bypass Surgery

Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass is a surgical treatment for coronary heart disease that is a less invasive method of coronary artery bypass surgery, without the need to opening chest.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be life-threatening if it bursts. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most common in older men and smokers.

Radio frequency (RF) Ablation heart rhythm correction

Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radiofrequency energy (similar to microwave heat) to destroy a small area of heart tissue that is causing rapid and irregular heartbeats. Destroying this tissue helps restore your heart's regular rhythm.

Permanent Pacemaker Implant (Double Chamber)

A pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. A pacemaker consists of a small, battery-powered generator and one or more leads. In a single-chamber system, one lead is used, most commonly pacing the right ventricle. Dual-chamber pacemakers have two leads, placed in the right atrium and right ventricle.

Permanent Pacemaker Implant (Single Chamber)

A pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. Single-chamber pacemaker - With this device, 1 pacing lead is implanted in the right atrium or ventricle.

Mitral & Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR MVR)

Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis. It is an alternative to valve repair.

Minimally Invasive Valve Replacement (AVR MVR)

Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis. It is an alternative to valve repair. Benefits of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) have been well recognized when compared with a standard median sternotomy, in terms of blood loss reduction, lower morbidity, shorter intensive care unit and in-hospital stay.

Double valve replacement (DVR including two valves)

A double valve replacement is a replacement of both the mitral and the aortic valve, or the entire left side of the heart. This type of surgery is not as common as the others and the mortality rate is slightly higher.

Enhanced External Counter Pulsation

EECP® Therapy is a safe, non-invasive, outpatient treatment option for patients suffering from ischemic heart diseases such as angina and heart failure. The EECP machine is manufactured in USA & is approved by The United States Food & Drug Administration and is widely used across the world. EECP® was approved by the FDA in 1995 as a treatment for coronary artery disease and angina, cardiogenic shock and for use during a heart attack. In 2002, the FDA approved EECP® as a treatment for congestive heart failure. It has undergone rigorous clinical trials at leading universities and EECP® has been the subject of more than 100 scientific studies published in leading medical journals throughout the world. The treatment is currently recommended by American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology guideline for cardiac patient’s treatment. EECP® is a safe, non-invasive, outpatient treatment for heart disease that is used to relieve or eliminate angina. Treatments are usually given for an hour each day, five days a week, for a total of 35 hours. Additional hours may safely and effectively be prescribed to this regimen after evaluation of the patient’s response towards the treatment. If it is evaluated that additional hours will result in greater relief of symptoms, then it may be advised to the patient accordingly. In certain circumstances, adjusting the patient’s treatment regimen to two hours per day can make it more comfortable for the patient to complete a course of EECP therapy. During the treatment, you lie on a comfortable treatment table, and large blood pressure cuffs are wrapped around your legs and buttocks. These cuffs inflate and deflate at specific times between your heartbeats. A continuous electro cardiogram (ECG) is used to set the timing so the cuffs inflate while the heart is at rest, when it normally gets its supply of blood and oxygen. The cuffs deflate at the end of that rest period, just before the next heart beat. The special sensor applied to your finger checks the oxygen level in your blood and monitors the pressure waves created by the cuff inflations and deflations.In the process, EECP® develops new pathways around blocked arteries in the heart by expanding networks of tiny blood vessels (“collaterals”) that help increase and normalize blood flow to the heart muscle. For this reason, it is often called the “Natural Bypass”. Unlike bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty, and stenting procedures, EECP® is non-invasive, carries no risk, is comfortable and is administered in outpatient sessions.

Diagnostic Imaging 8 الاجراءات

MRI Scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This is an imaging modality that used strong radio waves and magnetic field to produce imaged of the internal structure of the body. The scanner itself is a large tube that comprises powerful magnets. One lies inside the tube while getting scanned. The machine can produce two type of images, i.e., T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Sometimes, contrast is used to enhance the images.

Abdominal Ultrasound

This is a type of medical ultrasonography that is used to visualize anatomical structures of the abdomen. It uses the reflection and transmission of sound waves to visualize internal organs of the body via the wall of the abdomen.

Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD)

This is a test used to assess the health of ones. It helps provides information regarding the fragility or strength of one's bones. The test measures the amount of calcium and other minerals

Chest X-Ray

This a radiograph of the chest used to diagnose chest diseases injuries. It is done using an X-ray machine that passes X-rays through the chest into a film to create the image.

CT Scan (Computed Tomography)

This is a modern imaging technique that makes use of that makes use of computed processed X-ray measurements that are taken at different angles to produce tomographic images of specific areas of objects scanned thereby allowing the user to see the internal structure of the object without physically cutting them. It is used in the diagnosis, screening or prevention of diseases.

Diagnostic X-Rays

This is noninvasive imaging modality that involves exposing parts of one’s body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce images of inside the body. They are used for investigating patient’s complaints, e.g., chronic cough, abdominal pains, bone injuries and fever.

Renal Angiogram

This is an imaging test that is done to examine the blood vessels in ones kidneys. It helps reveal blockages aneurysms or stenosis in the kidneys. Radiologist inject a contrast agent into arteries that bring blood to the kidney and X-rays used to monitor the flow. Fluoroscopy can also be used.

Abdominal CT Scan

This is a diagnostic radiological imaging test that is done to help detect diseases of the colon, small bowel and other abdominal organs or determine the cause of abdominal pain.it is noninvasive, accurate, fast and painless.

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) 18 الاجراءات

Adenoidectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove the adenoids (lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx) when they are enlarged hence causing recurrent earache, chronic infections or impaired breathing via the nose. It is performed by an otolaryngologist.

Cochlear Implant

This is an electronic gadget (device) used to replace the functions of the inner ear when it is damaged. The implant does the work of the Cochlear by generating sound signals for the brain. It is thus useful in persons with profound or moderate hearing loss bilaterally. The device helps one to her better. Cochlear implant surgery is done by ENT Surgeon.

Laryngeal Surgery

These are surgeries done on the larynx to remove various pathologies such as laryngeal cancer, laryngeal papilloma, laryngeal granulomas, etc. Total laryngectomy (open) is the complete removal of the larynx while partial is incomplete removal. This normally depends on the location and stage of cancer. Endoscopic laryngeal surgeries are getting common. Microlaryngeal surgeries are used to operate on one's vocal cord. Laser surgery is a recent addition.

Audiometry

It is a test done to test one’s ability to perceive sound. The machine used to do the test is called an audiometer. It measures ones hearing acuity based on variations in sound tone, pitch, and intensity. It helps grade conduction deafness and rules out sensorineural hearing loss.

Laryngectomy

This is the surgical removal of the larynx and then separating it from the nose, esophagus and the moth. It can be total or partial. In total, the entire larynx is removed while in partial, only a portion is exercised. It is commonly used in the treatment of laryngeal cancers. It is a procedure performed by ENT surgeons.

Sleep Apnea Surgery

This surgery is only done when other treatment modalities are exhausted. The list of surgical options that can be done to treat sleep apnea includes: tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, tracheostomy, radiofrequency ablation, maxilla-mandibular advancement, palatal surgery, bariatric surgery, nerve stimulation and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Thyroidectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole of the thyroid tissue. The Parathyroid gland is usually preserved. It can be partial thyroidectomy where part of the thyroid is preserved, or it can be total thyroidectomy where the whole of the thyroid tissue is removed. It is commonly indicated for lived conditions like goiter, thyroid malignancies, etc.

Laryngoscopy

This is the endoscopic examination of the larynx and the back of the throat. The larynx is part of the throat. The procedure is carried out ear nose and throat specialists. There are two types of laryngoscopy procedures, i.e., direct laryngoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy.

Myringoplasty

This is a procedure done to correct perforation in the pars tensa of the eardrum. When the procedure is combined with the reconstruction of the ear ossicles, the procedure is termed tympanoplasty. The operation is normally done while the patient is lying supine with the face turned to one side such that the side being operated lies upward. The procedure is carried out otolaryngologists. There are two major techniques currently being used, i.e., the overlay technique and the underlying technique.

Ossicular Chain Reconstruction

This is a procedure done to treat conductive deafness. It sis a middle ear procedure that is performed by otolaryngologists. Damage middle ear bones i.e. stapes, malleus and incus can be replaced in the process.

Septoplasty

This is a procedure done to straighten the nasal septum that lies between the two nasal septums. The submucous septum is resected and reconstructed. It is done to correct a nasal septum that deviates.

Tympanoplasty

This is a surgical operation done to reconstructs the eardrum or the middle ear bones. There are five type of Tympanoplasty procedures i.e. type l to type V Tympanoplasty procedures.

Neck Dissection

This is a surgical procedure in which the fibrofatty content of the neck is removed as a treatment for metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. Head and neck malignances commonly metastasize to the cervical lymph nodes. There are various surgical options available i.e. radical neck dissection, modified radical neck dissection, selective neck dissection and extended radical neck dissection.

Glossectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole of the tongue. It is done to manage malignant tumors like oral cancers.

Facial Nerve Paralysis - Nerve Repair

Dynamic and static reconstruction procedures are employed for facial reanimation in patients suffering from facial nerve paralysis. However, dynamic strategies tend to be more successful and fruitful and should be offered to each patient considering reconstruction, unless health risk contraindications exist. The most common approaches for reconstruction are direct facial nerve repair with or without grafting, nerve transfer, cross-facial nerve grafting, and muscle transfer (either regional muscle or free-muscle neurotized transfer)

Mastoidectomy

A mastoidectomy is surgery to remove cells in the hollow, air-filled spaces in the skull behind the ear. These cells are called mastoid air cells. This surgery used to be a common way to treat an infection in mastoid air cells. In most cases, the condition was caused by an ear infection that spread to the bone in the skull. Mastoidectomy may be used to treat colesteatoma, complications of an ear infection (otitis media), infections of the mastoid bone that do not get better with antibiotics and to place a cochlear implant

Tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are removed from a recess in the side of the pharynx called the tonsillar fossa.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive surgical treatment which uses nasal endoscopes to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses to improve sinus ventilation.

Gynecology 23 الاجراءات

Cervical Polyp Removal

Cervical polyps are figure –shaped, red smooth growths in one's cervix. They commonly present as abnormal per vaginal bleed. They occur in multiparous women after the age of 20. They are diagnosed during a pelvic exam. There are removed surgically by gently twisting then tying its base before removing via special forceps. A solution then applied to stop any bleed.

Endometrial Ablation

This is a procedure where the gynecologist surgical destroys the uterine endometrium. Various tools are utilized during the procedure. These may include heated fluid, high energy radio frequencies, extreme cold and microwave energy. Goal is to treat abnormal uterine bleeding by reducing one's menstrual flow.

Gynecologic Laparoscopy

It is a new alternative technique to open surgeries. It allows a surgeon to look into one's pelvis. It can be sued to remove adhesions, manage ectopic pregnancies, manage ovarian cysts, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and myomectomy, do female sterilization (tubal ligation), diagnose & treat endometriosis and cancer investigation and lymph node sampling in cancer treatment.

Antenatal Care (ANC)

This is a type of preventive health care that aims at providing expectant mothers regular checkups to prevent and treat potential health care problems in the course of pregnancy while at the same time creating awareness on healthy living for the benefit of child and mother.

Bartholin's Cyst Treatment

This is a fluid-filled cyst (swelling) of the Bartholin gland. Treatment involves surgical drainage, warm baths, and antibiotics. Marsupialization can often be done to deal with the problem permanently.

Cervical Cautery

This is a procedure used to get rid of abnormal (precancerous or cancerous) cells in a woman’s cervix. It is performed by a gynecologist using electricity, corrosive material, laser, heat or cold. Commonly used methods involve cryocauterization or electrocoagulation.

Amniocentesis

This is a medical procedure used perinatal to diagnoses fetal infections and chromosomal abnormalities and also determine the sex of a child. A small amount of amniotic fluid that contains fetal tissues is samples from the amniotic sac containing the fetus then DNA analysis is done.

Breast Biopsy

This is a procedure used to obtain a sample of a tumor in the breast for purposes of laboratory and histological analysis. Various breast sampling techniques are available, e.g., FNA, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy, and core biopsy.

Cervical Cerclage

This is a treatment for cervical insufficiency or incompetence where the cervix shortens and open too early in a pregnancy leading to a pregnancy loss (preterm birth or miscarriage). The most commonly done cervical Cerclage technique is MacDonald’s stitch.

Cervical Biopsy

This is a surgical; procedure where a small amount of tissue is taken out from the cervix. The sample collected is taken to the laboratory for histological analysis to determine whether there is cancer and if present, which type. It is commonly done after abnormalities are detected in a Pap smear or routine pelvic exam including VIA/VILI. There are three types of biopsies, i.e., cone biopsy, endocervical curettage and punch biopsy.

Pelvic Adhesiolysis

Adhesions are scar tissue bands that form between organs in the body. They form as parts of the body’s natural repair mechanisms respond to tissues disturbances like infections, surgery, radiation, pathologies or trauma. Adhesiolysis is a surgery meant to remove these adhesions so that normal organ functions and anatomy is restored and pain relieved. They are managed via laparoscopic or open surgical procedures.

Breast Exam

This is the clinical examination of one's breasts by medical practitioners to check them for any abnormalities. The physical exam is done by the health professional during one's routine medical checkup or when someone has complications related to breast. The exam should only be carried out by a professional trained in breast exam techniques. The results will be complemented either by mammograms or breast ultrasound.

Myomectomy

This is the surgical removal of uterine fibroids especially symptomatic ones. The procedure aims to conserve the uterus for possible future deliveries.

Ectopic Pregnancy Surgery

This is an emergency exploratory laparotomy surgical procedure done to manage a raptured ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies are extra uterine pregnancies.

Hysterectomy

This is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is a procedure done by gynecologists. It can either be total (where the entire uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix and upper third of vagina is resected) or partial. The option depend upon the patient choice and the indication for the operation.

Microdochectomy

This is a surgical procedure done to remove a portion of the lactiferous duct. It is the standard treatment for nipple discharges that arise from a single duct. The procedure can be done under guidance of a ductoscope.

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)

This is a procedure that is performed by interventional radiologist. A catheter is used to deliver small particles that then block uterine body blood supply. Common indications include adenomyosis and uterine fibroids.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy gets its name from the thin, lighted tool used to view the womb, called a hysteroscope. This tool sends images of the inside of the womb to a video monitor. Before the procedure, you will be given medicine to help you relax and block pain. Sometimes, medicine is given to help you fall asleep. During the procedure the provider places the scope through the vagina and cervix, into the womb, gas or fluid may be placed into the womb so it expands. This helps the provider see the area better and pictures of the womb can be seen on the video screen.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

Laparoscopic Myomectomy uses a small telescope placed through the belly button along with several small instruments to remove fibroids from the uterus. The technique of actually removing the fibroid from the uterus is similar to that of an abdominal myomectomy except we use small instruments placed through the abdominal wall. Once the fibroid is freed from the uterus it needs to be removed from the abdomen. In order to remove a large fibroid from a small incision we use an instrument called a morcellator, to cut it into pieces small enough to be removed through the small incisions.

Abdominal Myomectomy

Also known as an "open" myomectomy, an abdominal myomectomy is a major surgical procedure. It involves making an incision through the skin on the lower abdomen, known as a "bikini cut," and removing the fibroids from the wall of the uterus. The uterine muscle is then sewn back together using several layers of stitches. You will be asleep during the procedure. Blood loss during the surgery may require a blood transfusion. Some women store their blood before the operation in order to receive their own blood rather than blood from the blood bank. Most women spend two nights in the hospital and four to six weeks recovering at home. After the procedure, you will have a four-inch horizontal scar near your pubic hair or "bikini" line.

Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is a technique that can be performed only if fibroids are within or bulging into the uterine cavity (submucosal). This procedure is performed without any incisions and virtually no postoperative discomfort. Anesthesia is needed because the surgery may take one to two hours and would otherwise be uncomfortable. A small telescope, the hysteroscope, is passed through the cervix and the inside of the uterine cavity can be seen. A small camera is attached to the telescope and the view is projected on a video monitor. This magnifies the picture and also allows the physician to perform the surgery while sitting in a comfortable position.

Ovarian Cyst Removal

Ovarian Cyst Removal is a surgery to withdraw cysts (a sac filled with fluid) from one or both of your ovaries. The surgery can be performed as Laparoscopic Surgery or Open Surgery. Most of the surgeons and patients prefer laparoscopic method, nowadays.

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

A laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove the uterus. A small incision is made in the navel through which a tiny camera is inserted. The surgeon watches the image from this camera on a TV monitor while performing the procedure.

Neurosurgery 12 الاجراءات

Craniotomy

These are a surgical procedure where bone flaps are temporarily removed from the skull to give access to the brain. The bone flaps are created by specialized tools. Sometimes it’s done under the guidance of CT scans or MRI scans to localize the areas of treatment (stereotactic Craniotomy). A craniotomy is used in stereotactic biopsy of the brain, stereotactic radiosurgery & stereotactic aspiration of hematomas, cysts or abscesses. A craniotomy is also useful in aneurysmal clipping and removal of brain tumors. Are of various types, i.e., translabarynthine Craniotomy, retro-sigmoid Craniotomy, extended bifrontal Craniotomy and supra-orbital Craniotomy.

Peripheral Nerve Surgery

This is practiced by surgeons from various backgrounds with expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurology, pain medicine, and orthopedics hence the need for a multidisciplinary care. The surgeries included entrapment neuropathies, nerve sheath tumors like schwannomas and acute nerve injuries.

Subdural Hematoma (SDH) Surgery

SDH is an intracranial hemorrhage that takes place beneath the meningeal Dura matter and may be associated with other traumatic brain injuries. They can be spontaneous, iatrogenic like from lumbar punctures or traumatic. SDH can be acute or chronic. SDH surgery involves a craniotomy to decompress brain tissue, stop active bleeding and possibly evacuate the hematoma.

Brain Aneurysm Repair

This is an endovascular surgical procedure. A catheter is usually guided via a small cut in one's groin to an artery and then passed through the vessel to the brain where an aneurysm is situated. Alternatively, the surgery can be performed alongside open craniotomy.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Surgery is the common modality for managing many malignant and most benign tumors. The operation is performed by a neurosurgeon. It helps relieve seizures, remove tumors, take biopsies and enable chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Common techniques used include craniotomy, craniotomy, partial or complete removal, shunting, transsphenoidal surgery, LITT, etc.

Cranioplasty

This is the surgical repair of a deformity or defect in the skull. The defect is normally as a result of a previous injury or surgery. It might also be a congenital defect. The surgery is performed for cosmetic reasons and patient psychological wellbeing.

Chiari Malformation Treatment

Chiari Malformation is a condition in which tissues of the brain protrude into the spinal canal via the foramen magnum. This can lead to hydrocephalus or syringomyelia. Treatment involves monitoring of the condition and surgery. Surgical procedures done include Decompressive craniectomy & laminectomy.

Brachial Plexus Injury Treatment

An operation to correct brachial plexus injuries should be performed within 6-7 months the injury as, beyond this period, the prognosis is poor. Teat such as MRI, CT, nerve conduction studies and electromyogram are usually done to determine the extent of the injury. Treatment can either be surgically or non-surgical, i.e., occupational therapy or physiotherapy or splinting /orthosis.

Epilepsy Surgery

This is a procedure done to treat epilepsy in order to reduce or stop the seizures. There are different types of epilepsy surgical procedure. This includes removal of the area in the brain causing this seizures or separating the part of the brain causing these tumors from the rest.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Surgery

This is a surgical procedure that is done to implant a device that send electrical stimulus signals to brain regions responsible for body movement. Electrode is placed deep in the brain and then connected to a stimulating device. DBS helps remove symptoms of slowness of movement, tremor, walking problems and stiffness that is caused by dystonia, essential tremor or Parkinsonism disease.

Skull Base Surgery

This is minimally invasive, highly specialized neurosurgical technique for diagnosis, evaluating and treating cancerous or benign growths located on the base of the skull, the upper vertebrae of the spine and the underside of the brain.

VP Shunt Surgery

VP shunting is a surgical procedure that primarily treats a condition called hydrocephalus. This condition occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects in the brain's ventricles. CSF cushions your brain and protects it from injury inside your skull.

Oncology 22 الاجراءات

Breast Cancer Treatment

Treatment of breast cancer depends on the stage. The treatment may involve radiotherapy, surgery or medications. The types of surgeries used included mastectomy (radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, patery modified radical mastectomy), breast-conserving surgery, lumpectomy and lymph node dissection. Medical therapy involves chemotherapy for breast cancer or systemic hormonal therapy like tamoxifen.

Cervical Cancer Treatment

Treatment of cervical cancer depends on the stage though other factors like the site of the tumor, ones desire for children, overall health, age, and type of cancer. While in stage 0 (CIS), the condition can be managed by loop electrosurgical procedure, simple hysterectomy, cone biopsy, cryotherapy and laser therapy. At stage 1a, cone biopsy is preferred. At stage 1A2, cone biopsy or radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is preferred, but for those who don’t desire fertility, EBRT and radical hysterectomy are desirable. At stage 1B and 2A, surgery and radiation or concurrent chemoradiation are desirable. At stage 2B, 3 and 4A chemo-radiation is used. At stage 4B, chemo-radiotherapy to try to slow down the tumor.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to treat diseases. But in medicine, it is commonly used when referring to the medical treatment of cancer that utilizes one or more antineoplastic medications as part of a standardized chemotherapeutic regimen. They are given with the intent to reduce symptoms, prolong life or cure cancer. Each cancer has a specific regiment that has been prepared for its management. Medical oncologists administrate chemotherapeutic regiment.

Acute Leukemia Treatment

The statement of acute leukemia depends on the subtype of leukemia. Treatment empathizes long-term cemetery with antineoplastic drugs. Various combination of chemotherapeutic agents has been developed for various leukemias. Oncologist use chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and stem cell transplant.

Brachytherapy

Its a kind of radiotherapy where a sealed source of radiation is next to or inside the place needing treatment. A radioactive material is placed inside the body hence sometimes referred to as internal radiation. It is used in the management of cancer of the prostate, skin, cervical and breast and other tumors in the body. It can be used together with chemotherapy, surgery or EBRT.

Bladder Cancer Treatment

Medical and surgical modalities are used treatment of bladder cancer. The surgery done is either partial or complete Cystectomy. This involves partial or complete removal of the bladder. Medical therapy includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Cancer Screening

The goal of this exercise is to detect cancers before their symptoms manifest. The test encompasses medical imaging, blood tests, urinalysis and other tests. It is common knowledge that the benefit of having a cancer screen done outweighs outweigh anybody harm that may result from the process. When cancerous tissues are detected early, they are easy to cure or treat. The most common cancers that are routinely screened are breast, colon, oral, prostate, pancreatic, lung, bowel and cervical cancers.

Whipple Procedure

Whipple Procedure also known as kaush-Whipple Procedure, pancretoduodectopmy, pancreaticoduodenectomy is a major surgical procedure dome to remove cancer of head of pancreas. It involves the removal of the common bile duct, the gallbladder, the duodenum and portions of the stomach.

Chronic Leukemia Treatment

The treatment of chronic leukemia depend on a person’s age, reason for treatment, disease risk group, stage of cancer, signs and symptoms of disease, patient preference and overall health. Treatment options included targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma Treatment

Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma multiform) is a malignant tumor that affects the spinal cord and the brain. It is usually quite aggressive hence can spread quickly and grow fast. Treatment includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery (craniotomy and radiosurgery).

Laryngeal Cancer Treatment

Laryngeal Cancer is a condition which cancerous cells form from larynx tissues. The most common presentation include ear pain and sore throat. Laryngectomy (total) in addition to thyroidectomy and nodal removal followed by radiotherapy is the most common mode of treatment.

Cancer Staging

Staging is the process used to find out the amount of cancer in the body and their locations. The information is used by doctors to formulate the patient treatment plan and to determine their prognosis. There are four different ways staging is done i.e. pathological staging, post-neoadjuvanat or post-therapy staging, clinical staging and restaging (done when cancer recurs after treatment). The four factors used in staging include: site of primary tumor, the tumor size, the involvement of lymph nodes and metastases. Tests done to enable staging process include imaging tests, pathological tests, surgical reports, laboratory tests and physical examination.

Head and Neck Cancer Treatment (Throat Cancer)

Treatment of head and neck malignancies depend on the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment modalities used in the management of these malignancies included radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. Surgical options included laser technology, excision, neck dissection or lymph node dissection, and reconstructive surgery. Target therapy is available.

Adrenal Cancer Treatment

Treatment of adrenal cancer depend on the stage. Stage 1 and two are treated surgically which may be combined with radiotherapy or mitotane administration. Stage 3 is treated surgically. This may be preceded by adjuvant radiotherapy or mitotane. For stage 4, a debulking surgery is done followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Lymph Node Biopsy

A lymph node biopsy is the removal of lymph node tissue for examination under a microscope. The lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood cells (lymphocytes), which fight infection. Lymph nodes may trap the germs that are causing an infection. Cancer often spreads to lymph nodes. A lymph node biopsy is done in an operating room in a hospital. Or, it is done at an outpatient surgical center.

Bone Cancer Treatment

Signs and symptoms of bone cancer include Bone pain, Swelling and tenderness near the affected area, Weakened bone, leading to fracture, Fatigue, Unintended weight loss.

Lung Cancer Treatment

A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke. Two major types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Causes of lung cancer include smoking, second-hand smoke, exposure to certain toxins and family history.

Mouth Cancer Treatment (Oral cancer)

Cancer that develops in any part of the mouth. Risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol use and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms include a sore that doesn't heal, a lump or a white or red patch on the inside of the mouth.

Lymphatic cancer (Lymphoma)

A cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is the body's disease-fighting network. It includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. The main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and weight loss. Treatment may involve chemotherapy, medication, radiation therapy and rarely stem-cell transplant.

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) uses linear accelerators to safely and painlessly deliver precise radiation doses to a tumor while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal tissue. Your radiation oncologist will speak with you to determine whether IMRT is the most appropriate treatment for you.

Pancreatic Cancer

The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid digestion and hormones that help regulate the metabolism of sugars. This type of cancer is often detected late, spreads rapidly and has a poor prognosis. There are no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but these can be non-specific, such as lack of appetite and weight loss. Treatment may include surgically removing the pancreas, radiation and chemotherapy.

Bone Marrow Cancer (Multiple myeloma)

A cancer of plasma cells. The plasma cells are a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow. With this condition, a group of plasma cells becomes cancerous and multiplies. The disease can damage the bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count. Symptoms may not be present or may be non-specific, such as loss of appetite, bone pain and fever. Treatments include medication, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation or a stem-cell transplant.

Orthopedics 24 الاجراءات

Bunion Surgery

A bunion is very painful. They are bony bumps which form at the base of one’s big toe. It normally forms a union between this toe and the 1st metatarsal one. Bunion removal surgery helps correct the area of deformity that forms on foot near the big toe. The surgery is sometimes referred to as hallux valgus correction or bunionectomy.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the tingling, numbness, weakness plus other problems in one's hand because of pressure being applied to the median nerve as it traverses the wrist. The small space where it passes through in the wrist called the Carpal Tunnel. This surgery is meant to relive the pressure hence relieving the symptoms. The two types of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgeries are open and endoscopic, all available in India.

Hip Replacement

This is an orthopedic surgical procedure where a damaged hip is replaced with an implant, i.e., a prosthesis. This procedure can be performed either as hemi-replacement (only femoral head is replaced) or total replacement (i.e., total hip arthroplasty where both the femoral head and acetabulum are replaced).

Knee Replacement

Knee Replacement (arthroplasty) is an operation used to replace weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve disability and pain. Especially in patients with osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Surgical techniques available include total knee replacement, partial knee replacement and femoral replacement.

Shoulder Replacement

Shoulder Replacement (arthroplasty) is an operation in which a prosthesis is used to replace part or all of the glenohumeral joint to relieve disability and pain. It is used to fix shoulder joint damage or relieve arthritic pain. We have the traditional shoulder total shoulder arthroplasty and the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty approach. The latter has two approaches, i.e., the deltopectoral approach and the transdeltoid approach.

Ankle Arthroscopy

Its an ankle replacement surgery done to replace damaged joint articular surfaces with prosthetic implants. It is currently a more preferred option than arthrodesis.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)

This is a new type of orthopedic procedure that is used to manage to isolate full thickness joint articular surface defect in the knees. It is performed in three stages where about 2000-300 milligrams of cartilage is sampled from a less weight bearing area of a joins, isolated enzymatically then grown in a lab for six weeks before transplanting in damaged areas so that they grow and form new cartilage.

Knee Ligament Surgery (ACL)

This is a procedure done to treat knee ligament tears. It is currently done as a laparoscopic procedure, but open surgery is still practiced in some regions of the world. It helps reduce pain and improve stability in the joint.

Benign Bone Tumor Removal

Benign Bone Tumors are not cancers hence do not metastasize to other areas of the body. They however greatly weaken a one. Common one tumor include giant cell tumors, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, and osteoblastoma. Treatment involves surgical excision of the tumor or scrapping out (curettage) of the tumor with bone grafting.

Congenital Hip Dislocation Treatment

Congenital Hip Dislocation is also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is a condition where a child is born with an unstable joint due to abnormal formation of the joint in early fetal development stages. It is more common in girls than boys. Screening for the condition occurs at birth and in the first year of life. A baby younger than 6 years is treated using a Pavlik harness. If this fails, the condition is managed via surgery. Surgical options include open reduction or closed reduction, after which the hip and leg are placed in a cast for at least 12 weeks. A child who is 18 months or older is managed by pelvic or femoral osteotomy to reconstruct their hip.

Achilles Tendon Rupture

This is a complete tear through the tendon, usually about two inches from the calcaneal (heel) bone. The tendon it vital to activities like jumping, walking or running. The rupture is common in those suffering from Achilles tendinitis, illnesses like diabetes or on drugs like steroids and antibiotics. Surgery is essential for faster healing. However, a cast can be used to allow the leg heal naturally but will take quite long.

Ankle Fracture Treatment

Ankle fractures can be treated surgically or non-surgically. The method will depend on the degree of injury and the patient’s choice. The non-surgical options include casting and splinting.

Limb Amputation

This is the removal of a limb by surgery, medical or trauma. As a surgical measure, it is used to control a disease process affected limb like gangrene and malignancy or to control pain. It may also be carried of prophylactically to prevent these problems.

Bone Fracture Treatment

Treatment depend on the severity of the fracture, patient choice and cost of treatment. Medically, reduction is done to fix a dislocated or Brocken bone. Devices available to fix fracture include orthopedic casts, splints, elastic bandages, and traction splint. Therapeutic physical therapy and joint manipulation can be done. Surgery included internal and external fixation.

Clubfoot Treatment

Club foot is also known as congenital talipes equinovarus. It is a combination of four thing in one i.e. cavus, adductus, varus and equinus. There are several types of clubfoot. It is a highly disabling condition if not managed early. The condition can be managed Non-operatively by Ponseti technique, Kite technique and French technique. Surgical options included: Posteromedial soft tissue release, Osteotomies, Triple arthrodesis, Achilles tenotomy and JESS.

Elbow Replacement

This s a procedure done to replace elbow joint that has been damaged by disease or trauma. It is indicated in severe loss of function, instability, joint destruction, severe pain or deformity. It is successful in relieving people of pain and improving the overall quality of life of the patient.

Knee Ligament Surgery (MCL)

The MCL is one of the four ligaments of the knee. A Knee Ligament Surgery is done to treat torn ligament as a result of injurer. As the MCL surgery is located outside the joint, no surgical key hole are usually necessary. The torn ligament can be reattached with staples, screws and screws through a small incision.

Knee Arthroscopy

These is a surgical procedure that is done to teat or diagnose knee joint problems like injuries and diseases. During the procedure, a small incision is made and an Arthroscope (tiny camera) inserted into the knees therapy allowing the examiner to see the inside of the joint on a live screen.

Ankle Fusion Surgery

Also known as ankle arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure done to fuse the different bones that make up the ankle joint into one piece. It is done when the joint become painful and worn out due to disease or previous trauma.

Ankle Replacement

The procedure is also known as total ankle arthroplasty. It is an orthopedic procedure done to replace the ankle joint articular surfaces that have been damaged by disease or injury with prosthetic components. It is done to treat ankle arthritis.

Artificial Limb Services

These services are provided to patient whose limb have been amputated so that they are able to walk again and improve their quality of life. The patient’s needs will be assessed on an individual basis and a variety of prosthetic equipment make available to support ones upper and lower limbs. Rehabilitative service are provided try a dedicated team of specialists.

Abscess Debridement

Abscess is by infectious process that features collection of pus that is surrounded by inflamed tissue. The Debridement entails incision and drainage of the lesion followed by packing then proper dressing of the wound. The patient is then made to undergo a course of antibiotics.

Acromioclavicular Joint Repair

Acromioclavicular Joint is the meeting point of the clavicle and acromion joint in the shoulder. Injuries in the joint result from trauma, fall or sports. Conservative treatment is used in management of minor injuries. Sever injuries need surgery. This may be done through an open procedure or arthroscopy. This are employed in the reconstruction of the joint.

Diagnostic Arthoscopy

Knee Arthroscopy is a surgical technique that can diagnose and treat problems in the knee joint. During the procedure, your surgeon will make a very small incision and insert a tiny camera - called an arthroscope - into your knee. This allows them to view the inside of the joint on a screen.

Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery 21 الاجراءات

Abdominoplasty

Also known as tummy task is a cosmetic procedure that is done to make the abdomen firm and thinner. It involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the lower and middle abdomen to tighten the fascia and muscles of the wall of the abdomen. The procedure is sought after by patient with sagging or loose tissue, especially after marked weight loss or pregnancy. Types of Abdominoplasty available include high lateral tummy tuck, floating Abdominoplasty, circumferential Abdominoplasty, extended or partial or complete Abdominoplasty and combined procedure, e.g., with liposuction.

Breast Implants

It is a prosthesis (saline or silicon) used to change the shape, contour, and size of one's breast. It adds volume to ones existing breast thereby creating a fuller chest. They are used in plastic and reconstructive surgeries to rectify congenital problems, restore natural breast mound after mastectomy or cosmetically in breast argumentation procedures.

Breast Lift

Also known as mastopexy .it is a plastic surgery mammoplasty procedure used for raising sagging breast tissue on a lady’s chest by modifying and changing the contour, the elevation, and size of the breasts. Done by women whose breast have changed due to breastfeeding, pregnancy, gravity, aging, heredity and weight fluctuations. The procedure helps rejuvenate one's figure by creating a rest profile that is uplifted and more youthful.

Arm Lift

Also known as Brachioplasty, is a procedure to provided increased contour and reshape the upper arms and at the same time connect the area to the chest wall. Techniques for Brachioplasty included minimal incision Brachioplasty, liposuction of the arm, traditional Brachioplasty, fish-incision Brachioplasty, extended Brachioplasty, superficial fascial system suspension, use of molds and non-excisional Brachioplasty.

Body Lift

This is a plastic surgery procedure done on patients with excess fat, tissues, and fat that linger after a significant weight loss. Depending on the position of the excess skin, patients can choose to undergo lower, mid or upper body lift.

Breast Reconstruction

This is a plastic surgical technique that tries to restore the breasts to a near-normal appearance, size, and shapes following a mastectomy.

Chin Augmentation

This is a surgical procedure that involves the reduction than the addition of surgical implants in a patients chin. The procedure can take the form of argumentation of chins using implants or chin height reduction or rounding of the chin by osteotomy.

Dimple Creation Surgery

This is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that is done to create a dimple. A dimple is a natural indentation that is usually small and circular in the sacral, chin, or cheek region. Natural dimples on the cheek are the small opening on the buccinators muscle. It gives one a great looking smile.

Jaw Shaping

This is a cosmetic procedure done to correct a patient’s jawline. It is commonly done on patients suffering from bruxism or patient who presents with a complaint of having rectangular or square jawlines thus making one's facial structure to look squarish. Treatment involves Botox injection. Jaw reduction surgeries are available.

Otoplasty

This is a surgical or non-surgical procedure that is done to correct the defects and deformities of the pinna, reconstructed deformed, absent or defective external ear, and consequent to traumatic or congenital conditions.

Rhinoplasty

This is a surgical (plastic and reconstructive) procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose. It aesthetically improves the nose by resolving congenital disabilities, nasal trauma, a failed primary rhinoplasty, or respiratory impediments and restored nasal functions.

Varicose Veins Treatment

Varicose Veins are enlarged and gnarled vein that appears commonly in the feet and legs. Treatment usually helps though the condition is incurable. Treatment involves using devices like compressing stocking and elastic bandage. Weight loss and physical exercise also help. Medical procedures included sclerothrapy, ambulatory phabectomy, and laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation. Surgery involves vein stripping.

Belt Lipectomy

This is a surgical procedure that is done to reshape a patient’s buttocks, thighs, hips and abdomen. The procedure is actually an extension of the high lateral tension tummy tuck, a concept that Ted Lockwood developed.

Perineoplasty

This is a plastic surgical procedure that is done to correct clinical conditions (defect, deformity, damage) of the anus and the vagina. The procedure helps to resolve intraoital stenosis, decreased sexual stimulation, vaginismus, damaged perineum, genital warts, dyspareunia, vaginal loosening, vaginal itchiness, and vulvar vestibulitis.

Tummy Tuck or Abdominal Wall Surgery

Abdominal wall surgery is a procedure that improves the appearance of flabby, stretched-out abdominal (belly) muscles and skin. It is also called a tummy tuck. It can range from a simple mini-tummy tuck to more extensive surgery. Abdominal wall surgery is not the same as liposuction, which is another way to remove fat. But, abdominal wall surgery is sometimes combined with liposuction. Your surgery will be done in an operating room in a hospital. You will receive general anesthesia. This will keep you asleep and pain-free during the procedure. The surgery takes 2 to 6 hours. You can expect to stay in the hospital for 1 to 3 days after surgery.

Breast Augmentation

Breast augmentation is a procedure to enlarge or change the shape of the breasts. Breast augmentation is done by placing implants behind breast tissue or under the chest muscle. An implant is a sac filled with either sterile salt water (saline) or a material called silicone.

Breast Reduction Surgery

Breast reduction is surgery to reduce the size of the breasts. It is done under general anesthesia. This is medicine that keeps you asleep and pain-free. For a breast reduction, the surgeon removes some of the breast tissue and skin. Your nipples may be moved higher to re-position them for cosmetic reasons.

Eyelid Lift (Blepharoplasty)

Eyelid lift surgery is done to repair sagging or drooping upper eyelids (ptosis) and remove excess skin from the eyelids. The surgery is called blepharoplasty. Sagging or drooping eyelids occur with increasing age. Some people are born with droopy eyelids or develop a disease that causes eyelid drooping.

Face lift (Face and neck)

A face-lift (rhytidectomy) is a cosmetic surgical procedure to improve the look of your face and neck. A neck lift (platysmaplasty) is often done as part of a face-lift. You might choose to have a face-lift if your facial skin is beginning to droop, a common occurrence with aging.

Face lift - Face, neck and upper and lower eyelids

A face-lift (rhytidectomy) is a cosmetic surgical procedure to improve the look of your face and neck. A neck lift (platysmaplasty) is often done as part of a face-lift. You might choose to have a face-lift if your facial skin is beginning to droop, a common occurrence with aging. Upper lid blepharoplasty removal of excess skin, and occasionally fat from the upper eyelids in order to refresh the appearance of the eyes. It can be combined with a lower lid blepharoplasty or brow lift to give a more complete rejuvenation to the eyes and upper third of the face.

Cheiloplasty (Lip Reduction)

Cheiloplasty or lip reduction surgery is a cosmetic surgical procedure that helps to treat unusually big, fat or protruding lips.

Spinal Surgery 15 الاجراءات

Artificial Disc Replacement

Sometimes also called total disc replacement or total disc arthroplasty. The procedure involves replacing a painful damaged disc with an artificial disc. The procedure can be performed on the neck (cervical spine) or lumbar spine (lower back). The procedure helps preserve motion in the intervertebral discs. It is performed in patients with damaged discs, e.g., due to disease or cervical disc herniation unresponsive to non-surgical management.

Cervical Disc Disease Treatment

The treatment of cervical disc diseases begins when your doctor takes a good history, carries out a physical examination and then order appropriate investigations. The investigations of choice of choice are CT, MRI, and X-rays that will help your doctor localize the problem. Based on this the doctor will decide whether to use the surgical or nonsurgical option. Non-surgical modalities include lifestyle modification, physiotherapy, and analgesia and heat therapy. Surgical option helps one heal fast and include cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (available in India).

Laminectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove areas of the vertebral bones called lamina. Muscles of the back are pushed sideways during the procedure rather than cut and sections of the vertebra adjacent to the lamina left intact. It’s sometimes referred to as decompression surgery. It helps relieve purser on the spinal nerves and spinal cord. Commonly done to manage spinal stenosis.

Spine Surgery

This is a surgery done on the spine to treat back pain, or other damages are done on the spine by trauma or disease scoliosis, spinal stenosis, and disc herniation. It is recommended when conservative treatments are unsuccessful. It can either be done as an open or minimally invasive procedure. Common surgical approaches are lateral, posterior and anterior. Spinal surgical techniques included laminotomy, laminectomy, microdiscectomy, disc replacement, spinal fusion, and foraminotomy.

Corpectomy

This is a surgical operation that involves removing part or all a vertebral body usually as a mean of decompressing the nerves and spinal cord. It is sometimes performed in association with discectomy. It is commonly done in a patient with spinal stenosis due to osteophytes.

Kyphoplasty

This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure sued to treat the compression of the spine following a fracture. The spinal compression fractures usually occur majorly in spinal vertebral bones weakened by osteoporosis. It helps relieve pain and correct deformities.

Foraminotomy

This is a medical procedure done to relieve pressure applied to nerves that are being compressed by intervertebral foramina. Intervertebral foramina is a passage of the vertebral bone through which nerves bundles pass to the body from the spinal cord. It is performed via a minimally invasive operation where a cut is made in the back then the muscles pushed on to the sides to create a way. The surgeon will then drills a small hole in the vertebral bone.

Cervical Spondylosis Treatment

The management of this condition involves rehabilitative programs like occupational therapy, physical therapy, and recreational therapy. Surgery is advised when neurologic deficits progress, when there is documented spinal cord or cervical nerve root compression and when the pain becomes intractable.

Scoliosis Surgery

Scoliosis is a condition where ones spine bend LATERALLY (sideways). It arises commonly before pubertal growth spurts.it can be caused by muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy or idiopathic. Surgical OPTIONS include scoliosis fusion surgery and anterior scoliosis corrective surgery (VBT).

Spinal Disc Herniation Treatment (slipped disc)

This condition can be managed medically or surgically. Pain is managed using NSAIDs and therapies like physical therapy, stretching and chiropractic techniques are useful. Medical procedures included epidural steroid injection and therapeutic ultrasound. Spine surgery is the definitive management.

Scoliosis Treatment

Scoliosis is a condition where ones spine bend LATERALLY (sideways). It arises commonly before pubertal growth spurts. It can be caused by muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy or idiopathic. Surgery is the main modality of treatment. Surgical options include scoliosis fusion surgery and anterior scoliosis corrective surgery (VBT).

Spinal Fusion Surgery

Sometimes also called spondylosyndesis or spondylodesis. It is an operation done to stop motion in segments of the spine (thoracic, lumber or cervical) that are causing a patient pain. It helps to stabilizes and decompress the spine. The procedure involves the use of bone grafts which can either be allografts, autografts or artificial substitutes.

Nucleoplasty

This is a minimally invasive procedure (sometimes referred to as percutaneous discectomy) used to treat patient suffering from problem caused by herniated discs such as leg pain and low back pain. It is performed by an interventional radiologist.

Lumbar Microdiscectomy Surgery

A lumbar microdiscectomy surgery is performed to remove the portion of a herniated disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root. A microdiscectomy is performed through a small incision in the midline of the low back. First, the back muscles, called erector spinae, are lifted off the bony arch, called the lamina, of the spine. Since these back muscles run vertically, they can be moved out of the way rather than cut. The surgeon is then able to enter the spine by removing a membrane over the nerve roots. This membrane is called the ligamentum flavum. Often, a small portion of the inside facet joint is removed both to facilitate access to the nerve root and to relieve pressure over the nerve. The nerve root is then gently moved to the side and the disc material is removed from under the nerve root. Only the herniated portion of the disc is removed; the healthy portion of the disc is left intact. After the piece of the disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root has been removed, the pressure is off the nerve immediately and it has room to heal. A herniated disc pressing on a nerve root can cause severe leg pain. While it may take weeks or months for the nerve root to fully heal and any numbness or weakness to get better, patients normally feel relief from the leg pain almost immediately after a microdiscectomy.

Spinal Tumor Surgery

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops in or near the spinal cord or within the bones and discs of the spine. Spinal tumors may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Spine tumors, both benign and malignant can cause significant disability when they occur in the spine.

Urology 16 الاجراءات

Bladder Neck Incision (BNI)

This is a procedure done on men experiencing difficulty passing urine due to benign prostatic enlargement or urinary tract obstruction from a tight prostate. The patient usually presents with frequency, urgency, urine dribbling, hesitancy, poor urine stream and incomplete emptying of the balder. The operation helps relieve these symptoms of obstruction.

Prostatectomy

This is a surgical procedure that removes part or whole of the prostate gland. It is usually used in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), or prostate canacer.it can be performed in several ways. For prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy is recommended. The current technique for performing this include open radical prostatectomy (retropubic or transvesical), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. For benign enlarged prostate, simple prostatectomy is recommended. Newer techniques for managing BPH include transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral laser-induced prostatectomy and Trans-urethral incision of the prostate. Noninvasive techniques include cryotherapy, laser therapy, thermal ablation and balloon dilation.

Pyeloplasty

This is a surgical revision or reconstruction procedure of renal pelvis to decompress or drain the kidneys.it is performed to manage ureteropelvic junction obstructions provided the residual renal function is still adequate. Congenital hydronephrosis is its most common presentation in pediatrics.

Circumcision

This is the removal of the penile foreskin. It is the most commonly performed procedure in the world. In it, the foreskin is opened. Then adhesions removed before being separated from the glans and cut. The penis is then sutured. A recent study indicated that it lowers one's risk of contracting HIV by60%.

Cystectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole (radical) of the urinary bladder. Sometimes the term is used to refer to the removal of the gallbladder or a cyst. This is commonly performed after a diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Erectile Dysfunction Treatment

Erectile Dysfunction is the inability of a man to keep or get an erection firm to have sexual intercourse. It is commonly described as important. The condition can be managed medically. 1st the patient has to be evaluated for a treatment plan is made, the plan may incorporate assistive devices like pumps or medications.

Bladder Stone Removal

This is a procedure done to remove renal stones that have formed in the bladder or pound their way into the bladder hence causing obstruction and pain. Various procedures are used to remove the stones, e.g., percutaneous suprapubic crystolitholapaxy and open cystostomy.

Cystoscopy

This is the endoscopic examination of the bladder. During the procedure, an endoscopic tube with a light and camera at the end is inserted into one's urethra, and into your bladder to visualize the inside of the bladder.

Kidney Stones Treatment

The treatment of renal stones included taking a lot of water to help pass these stones and use of painkiller to relive renal colonic pain. Drug used included NSAIDs, diuretics narcotics and urinary retention drugs. Medical procedures that can be done to remove the stones include laser lithotripsy, uteroscopic stone removal and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

Prostate Biopsy

This is a procedure done to take a sample from the prostate for histological analysis. It is dome to detect or diagnose cancer of the prostate especially after blood PSA level; rises to the level of prostate cancer. There are several options that can be used to take the sample i.e. MRI-guided biopsy, ultrasound guided biopsy, Transrectal biopsy and transurethral biopsy.

TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate)

Transurethral Resection of Prostate is a surgery to remove the inside part of the prostate gland. It is done in order to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate. The surgery takes about 1 hour. You will be given medicine before surgery so you don't feel pain. You may get general anesthesia in which you are asleep and pain-free or spinal anesthesia in which you are awake, but relaxed and pain-free. The surgeon will insert a scope through the tube that carries urine from your bladder out of the penis. This tube is called the urethra. A special cutting tool is placed through the scope. It is used to remove the inside part of your prostate gland using electricity.

Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL - Kidney Stone Removal)

Percutaneous (through the skin) urinary procedures help drain urine from your bladder and get rid of kidney stones. A percutaneous nephrostomy is the placement of a small, flexible rubber tube (catheter) through your skin into your kidney to drain your urine. It is inserted through your back or flank. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (or nephrolithotomy) is the passing of a special medical instrument through your skin into your kidney. This is done to remove kidney stones.

Ureteroscopy (URS)

Ureteroscopy (URS) is a form of minimally invasive surgery using a small telescope that is passed through the urethra and into the ureter to remove a stone. Often the stone requires fragmentation with a laser which then allows the smaller fragments to removed with a grasping device.

Penile Implant

A penile prosthesis is another treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). These devices are either malleable or inflatable. The simplest type of prosthesis consists of a pair of malleable (bendable) rods surgically implanted within the erection chambers of the penis.

Radical Cystectomy

Radical cystectomy is the removal of the entire bladder, nearby lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy), part of the urethra, and nearby organs that may contain cancer cells. In men , the prostate, the seminal vesicles, and part of the vas deferens are also removed.

Radical prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy is an operation to remove the prostate gland and tissues surrounding it. This usually includes the seminal vesicles and some nearby lymph nodes. Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate.

Colorectal Medicine 7 الاجراءات

Colectomy

This is the resection of whole or part of the large bowel. It is usually necessary to prevent or manage conditions and disease that affect one's colon such as ulcerative colitis, Cohn’s disease, colorectal carcinoma and HNPCC. It can be either laparoscopic or open.

Anal Abscess Drainage

An abscess is an infectious condition characterized by a pus collection surrounded by tissue inflammation. An Anal Abscess forms around the one's anus. It usually starts in the perianal hair follicles or mucus gland. It is managed by incision and drainage of the abscess.

Anal Cyst Removal

A cyst is a sac that is abnormal containing a gas, semisolid material, and membranous lining. The four types of cysts commonly found in the perianal region include dermoid cyst, anal gland cyst, sacrococcygeal teratoma and epidermoid cyst. Treatment involves surgical excision of the cysts.

Anal Fissure Treatment

This is a crack or linear tear in the distal areas of the anal canal. They involve only the epithelium in the short-term, and the entire mucosal thickens in the long-run. 1st line of treatment is medical and involve stool softeners and stool bulking agents. A laxative is also used to maintain normal bowel movements. 2nd line of treatment is surgical where sphincterotomy is done.

Anal Fistula Surgery

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the epithelized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin. It is usually a sequela of an anal abscess. It rarely heals on it own hence need for surgery. The surgery is carried out under GA. There are several surgical options available, i.e., fistulotomy, advancement flap procedure, Seton technique, LIFT procedure, fibrin glue and bioprosthetic plug.

Hemorrhoidectomy

This is a surgical procedure done to treat hemorrhoids. Patient is given either spinal or general anesthesia and then incisions are made around the hemorrhoid tissue. The swollen veins are then used to prevent bleeding and the entire hemorrhoid removed.

Rectocele Surgery

Rectocele is a posterior vaginal wall prolapse that occurs when the wall that separates the rectum from the vagina weakens thus allowing the vaginal wall to bulge. It can be managed conservatively by physiotherapy and using vaginal pessaries. Surgical options included colporrrhaphy and rectocele repair. Surgery is the definitive management of this condition.

General Medicine 11 الاجراءات

Hyperbaric Medicine

It is a treatment modality in which the ambient pressure gradient greater than the atmospheric sea pressure is used. It comprises therapeutic recompression (used to manage depression illnesses like air emboli) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Medical Examination

This is the process by which physicians assess the body of a patient for sings disease. In medical practice, it is terms used commonly to refer to is included a clinical examination or physical examination. It is done after a comprehensive history of a patient has been taken. It thus helps in diagnosis and formulating the treatment plan.

Abdominal Examination

This is the physical examination of the abdomen to identify signs of disease; it is done in four stages, i.e., inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

Female Health Checkup

This is a gynecological procedure used to assess the female reproductive system. It involved a physical exam of the female perineum and possibly a specular exam, Apart from this various imaging and laboratory tests can be ordered to help the doctor make a proper conclusion.

General Medicine Consultation

This is a visit to a physician or general medical practitioner. The doctor will take the patient history and carry out a physical exam of all systems after which proper investigations are done and a treatment plan formulated.

Cryosurgery

This is the use of extremely cold temperatures (by liquid nitrogen) in surgery to destroy diseased or abnormal tissue, i.e., it is the use of cryoablation in surgery. It is commonly used to get rid of skin tags, Morton’s neuroma, small skin cancers, moles, and warts.

Deep Wound Treatment

A deep wound is one that cuts deeper than a quarter an inch beneath the skin surface. Due to their depth, this wound is likely to involve damage to tendons, major blood vessels, ligaments or internal organs. This can lead to both external and internal bleeding. These wounds require urgent treatment to avoid complications like shock. The bleeding has to be arrested, then cl4ned and properly dressed. Antibiotics and tetanus vaccine must be administered to the patient.

Vaccination

This is the administration of a vaccine to a person to stimulate their immune system thereby developing adaptive immunity against the target pathogen.

Male Health Checkup

This is a collection of tests and medical checks that are be performed on male person. It varies by age groups. They help detect and prevent health problem before they advance into serious health complications. The history of the man will be taken, them he will undergo a physical examination and finally some routine tests performed on him. The tests may include urinalysis, blood samples, stool samples, x-rays of some parts of the body etc.

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) Treatment

HSP is a group of inherited conditions whose primary feature is progressive gait disorder. It presents with contraction and spasticity of the lower limbs. Though the condition has no cure, it can be managed. Regular physical therapy is important to improve and maintain the muscle strength and range of movement.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment which enhances the body's natural healing process by inhalation of 100% oxygen in a total body chamber, where atmospheric pressure is increased and controlled. It is used for a wide variety of treatments usually as a part of an overall medical care plan.

Neurology 10 الاجراءات

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) Treatment

CCSVI is a term used to describe the compromise of blood flow in veins draining the CNS. Failure to treat the condition can, in the long run, predispose one to multiple sclerosis. It is commonly diagnosed using a Trans-cranial Doppler ultrasound, an MRI scan or Doppler sonography. It can be managed by a surgical procedure known as venous angioplasty where a surgeon will insert a balloon to keep veins open, clear a blockage & restore blood flow to spinal cord and brain.

Parkinson's Disease Treatment

The disease is only diagnosed after a proper history then physical and neurological exam. Imaging scans are not diagnostic by only help rule out other disorders. The disease is not curable but can be controlled using drugs like carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine, MAO-B inhibitors and, COMP inhibitors, anticholinergic and amantadine. When surgery is advisee, deep brain stimulation can be done.

Alzheimer's Disease Consultation

This is the evaluation of a patient suffering from dementia and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The doctor will assess the patient and prepares an appropriate treatment plan and inform the guardian on hoe w the patient should be cared for, the prognosis and booking future reviews.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Consultation

This is the evaluation of a patient who has ALS. The doctor will assess the patient and formulate an appropriate treatment plan and inform the guardian on hoe w the patient should be cared for, and advise on of follow up.

Neurological Rehabilitation

This is a physician-supervised program that is designed for patients with trauma, disorders or diseases of the nervous system. The program improves one's functions, reduce symptoms and greatly improve the overall well-being of a patient.

Dementia Management

Dementia is the overall term used to describe a range of clinical conditions that are associated with the decline in one’s memory or thinking skills to the extent that one is unable to perform his/her normal daily life activities. The treatment if Dementia depends on its cause. Once the cause is determined, the condition will improve once the cause is properly managed.

Epilepsy Treatment

Epilepsy is recurrent seizes in one’s brain. The management of epilepsy can be done by drugs, and sometimes devices, dietary changes or surgery. Anticonvulsants are the main stray of treatment. This is however influenced by the type of epilepsy, the age of patient, pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Migraine Treatment

This is a headache of that varies in intensity and is often accompanied by sound and light sensitivity and nausea. The condition can be managed by medications. The drugs can either be pain-relieving or preventive. Pain relieving medications included painkillers, triptans, ergots, anti-nausea drugs, opioids, and glucocorticoids. Preventative medications included cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs, painkillers, and Botox.

Neurology Consultation

This is an appointment with a neurologist (physician that has subspecialized in neurology) for treatment, diagnosis or management of disorders that affect the nervous system.

Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment

Trigeminal Neuralgia is a chronic pain in the face arising from disorders that damage cranial nerve V i.e. trigeminal nerve. Treatment included injections (e.g. Botox injection and glycerol injection), medications (anticonvulsants, and antispasmodic agents) and surgery (microvasculer decompression, brain stereotactic radiosurgery). Other include balloon compression and radiofrequency thermal lesioning.

Nephrology 4 الاجراءات

Kidney Transplant (Living Related Donor)

This is the transplant of a healthy kidney to patients with an end-stage renal disease or no functional kidneys. Kidneys are important because they remove wastes and toxins from the body apart from producing important hormones in the body. The kidney can be taken from a live donor or deceased donor. There recipient and donor can be genetically related or non-related depending on whether a biological relationship existed between them. India has very nice centers where this can be done successfully.

Nephrology Consultation

This is a hospital checkup and review by a qualified nephrologist. It involves patient assessment, treatment planning, diagnosis and interventions such as permanent catheter insertion. Patients with acute or chronic kidney disease will require a frequent check-up by a nephrologist. The doctor will also monitor patients undergoing dialysis.

Kidney Dialysis

This is a procedure done to manage patients with acute kidney injury or those with end-stage kidney disease. It is needed when one's kidneys are no longer able to meet the body’s needs. It performs normal kidney functions like the removal of wastes. There are two types of dialysis, i.e., peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Kidney Transplant (ABO Incompatible transplant)

This is the transplant of a healthy kidney to patients with an end-stage renal disease or no functional kidneys. ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation is a method of allocation in organ transplantation that permits more efficient use of available organs regardless of ABO blood type

Dermatology 10 الاجراءات

Acne Scar Treatment

The treatment is carried out under the supervision of a dermatologist. There are various agents available in the market that are used in the management of these scars. However, for good result, the agents should only be used after a dermatology consultation.

Acne Treatment

Acne is an inflammatory papular, pustular, and follicular eruptions involving the pilosebaceous units in the skin. It is treated medical using either local or topical agents by a dermatologist. All drugs used for the management of acne act as Anti-inflammatory, Anti-comedonal and Anti-microbial agents.

Dermabrasion

This is a type of surgical skin planing procedure. It should only be performed in a hospital by a plastic surgeon or dermatologist. It is done to remove deep-seated acne scars. It is done either under general or local anesthesia.

Warts Removal

Warts are small growths on one’s skin that do not result in any pain. Some normally hurt or itch. There are five types of warts, i.e., genital warts, plantar warts, common warts, flat warts and periungual or sublingual warts. They are caused by HPV virus. They are contagious and can be spread via direct contact. Warts in the skin can be removed by applying cantharidin or salicylic acid. They can also be removed by simply cutting them off or using laser and cryotherapy to remove.

Dermatology Consultation

This is a visit to a skin specialist. The specialist will take your history and your skin lesions or just the general condition of the skin. The doctor will then prepare a treatment plan for you. A dermatological consult can be for cosmetic reasons or management of pathological skin conditions.

Mesotherapy

This is a non-surgical cosmetic medical procedure.it involves the multiple injections of homeopathic and pharmaceutical drugs , vitamins , plant extracts and various other ingredients into the skin subcutaneous fat layer. The procedure helps remove excess fat, tighten the skin thus rejuvenating it.

Mole and Skin Lesion Evaluation

This is like dermatological consult aimed at examining moles (benign pigmented lesion o the skin with histologic and clinical picture of malignant melanoma) and other lesion in the skin. This evaluation is important in that potential skin malignancies like malignant melanomas will be captured early and treated.

Excessive Sweating Treatment

Excessive Sweating is also referred to hyperhidrosis. It is more common in those with obesity. It can be a symptom of infections, diabetics, thyroid problem, and side effect of drugs, heart failure, blood cancer, stroke, pregnancy, menopause, alcoholism, rheumatoid arthritis or Parkinsonism. It can be managed by lifestyle changes, use of antiperspirants or iontophoresis or botulinum toxin and surgery.

Mole Removal

Mole (birth mark) is a benign disorder of melanocytes. They occur when these cells grow in cluster instead of spreading throughout in the skin. They darken after sun exposure and pregnancy. They can be removed for medical or aesthetic reasons. There are there methods of removing moles i.e. a punch excision, surgical excisions of larger moles and a shave excision.

Haemangioma

A birthmark often appearing as a rubbery, bright red nodule of extra blood vessels. Haemangiomas are seen more frequently among premature infants. A haemangioma is a birthmark that grows during the first year of life and fades over time. It can appear on the face, scalp, chest or back. Most haemangiomas disappear on their own. In rare cases, a haemangioma can interfere with vision or cause other symptoms, and can be treated with drugs or laser surgery.

Hair Restoration 3 الاجراءات

Hair Transplant

This this is a surgical technique that involves moving hair follicles from one area of the body (donor area) to a balding or bald part of the body (recipient area). Commonly used to treat male baldness.

Beard Transplant

This is a method of restoring hair in which the doctor transplants hair, form the beard to the scold using follicular unit extraction (FUE) tools and techniques. It is a popular cosmetic procedure that works for thickening facial hair. The surgeon transplants hair to areas of the client’s face on a case by case basis.

Eyebrow Hair Transplant

This is a procedure that involves moving hair from another part of one’s body and transplanting to the eyebrow area. Hair follicles that are healthy are harvested from the donor site and transferred to create the client’s desired eyebrow

Laboratory Medicine 4 الاجراءات

Blood Test Package

This is a collection of the basic blood tests that are done to provide the physician with information about the overall wellness of a patient. It includes a complete blood count, hemoglobin, hormonal assays, a comprehensive metabolic panel etc.

Blood Tests

These Are tests done on blood samples, i.e., blood work or panel. The blood is usually extracted from a vein in the upper limb using a figure prick or hypodermic needle. It tests for specific components of bold such as cholesterol, glucose tests

Genetic Testing

This is a medical test done to identify changes in proteins, genes or chromosomes. The test result helps to rule out or confirm genetic conditions or determine one's predisposition or chance of propagating the disorder. Genetic Testing is also useful is transplant procedure, proving parenthood of a child or forensic analysis.

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Testing

STI treatment require that a proper history of signs and symptoms taken, physical examination done and relevant investigations ordered. A proper treatment plan is then prepared depending on the findings.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 14 الاجراءات

Cryotherapy

It is a medical therapy where low temperatures are used generally or locally. It is used to treat a variety of lesions (malignant or benign). Cold substances like liquid nitrogen are used to freeze then remove the lesions.

Decompression Therapy

This is a treatment that is used to relieve pain that is caused by compression of nerve tissue in various parts of the body. It can be surgical or non-surgical. Notable examples include spinal decompression surgery where components of the spine realigned to release pressure ion pinched nerves.

Electrotherapy

This is the use of electrical energy in medical treatment. The therapy varies in waveforms, effect, and frequencies. Commonly used forms of electrotherapy included deep brain simulators and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Chiropractic Adjustment

It is also known as a spinal adjustment. It is a term used by chiropractors to delineate the approaches to manipulating the spine. The chiropractor applies manipulation to the vertebrae, to reduce that subluxation and provided an effective lower back pain relief. All these manipulations should be done by a trained health professional in a hospital.

Chiropractic Treatment

Chiropractic is a medical profession that is committed to the management of musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders via non-surgical methods. Chiropractors have a special focus on spinal manipulation a treatment of surrounding structures. It is commonly used in the management of lower back pains (acute and chronic). Chiropractic techniques included Garston, Activator, Extremity manipulation, Trigenics, Gonstead, Thompson, Distraction, Korn specifoica, Atlas orthogonal, and diversified techniques.

Manual Therapy

This is a physical treatment that is primarily used by occupational therapists, massage therapists, physical therapists, athletic trainers, osteopathic physicians, osteopaths, and physiotherapist to manage musculoskeletal disability and pain. It incorporates joint mobilization, muscles manipulation, kneading and joint manipulation. There are many styles of manual therapy. This included myotherapy, osteopathy, Rolfing, sotai, shiatsu, massage therapy, bone sitting, anma, acupuncture, bodyworks, etc.

Physical Therapy

This is physiotherapy. It makes use of mechanical movements and force, manual therapy, electrotherapy and exercise therapy. It helps improve the patient’s quality of life via diagnosis, examination, prognosis and physical interventions.

Bone and Joint Screening

These are tests done to detect bone and joint diseases like cancers earlier. The test is commonly done when a patient present with bone and joint complains like pain. A bone screening test is widely used to diagnose osteoporosis. This is done by carrion out a bone mineral test.

Lymphatic Drainage Massage

This is a technique used to help increase the flow of lymph. The increased flow helps improve the immune function and remove harmful substances from tissues which are then neutralized in the lymph nodes. Apart from this, the procedure helps improve healing after surgery, improves breastfeeding, and relax a patient. Manual lymph drainage is the commonly used technique.

Orthopedic Rehabilitation

An Orthopedic Rehabilitation program has many components, including occupational and physical therapy, sports injury rehabilitation, specialized pediatric services and minimally invasive procedures. The therapy aims to treat several conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system. The program restores the strength, motion, and activity after injury.

Knee Brace

This is a medical devices that is fitted into the knee joint to give it support, especially when the person has pain that is emanating from the knee. They are used to provide support to the knee ligaments and the patella while one recovers from injury, to prevent injury, play sports, or to relieve pain in the knee. There are four categories of knee braces available i.e. functional, unloader, prophylactic and rehabilitative braces.

Bioptron Lamp Irradiation Treatment

Bioptron lamb is an optical device that emits light with wavelengths similar to the section of the electromagnetic spectrum that is naturally emitted by the sun, but it lacks UV light. The therapy acts naturally to support the body’s balancing and regenerative properties thereby helping the body to bring out its innate healing potential. The light produces bio-stimulation, i.e., stimulate the body’s biological processes positively hence strengthening the body’s functionality. It has no side effects and works naturally. Treatment is individualized and depends on one’s problem and the state of the area under treatment. It is used in dermatology, rheumatology, stomatology, cosmetology, cardiology, sports medicine, etc.

Bobath Concept Therapy

It is used by physiotherapists in the rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders to promote the motor and sensory pathways and facilitate motor control and normal movement. It aims to improve mobility and movement in patients with damage to the CNS. The concept is based on the brain's ability to reorganize, recover and adapt to changes after neurological damage.

Paraplegia (Leg Paralysis)

Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. Common victims of this impairment are veterans or members of the armed forces. If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia.

Infectious Diseases 3 الاجراءات

Hepatitis Consultation

This is a visit to a hospital for physician clinical review after exposure to a patient with hepatitis or a previous diagnosis of hepatitis. The visit is meant to monitor treatment and if a first visit is assessed and investigated for your treatment plan to be made. The consultation can also be for purposes of vaccination or medical education.

HIV Consultation

This a clinical assignment of a patient with the aim of counseling and testing for HIV. It is currently a mandatory requirement in many hospitals in the world. In hospitals, the consultation can be requested by doctors to provide them with a clear view of how to manage a patient. The visit can also be for purposes of monitoring and review.

Hepatitis C Treatment

Hepatitis c is a deadly medical condition. If not managed, managed early, it leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The treatment can be purely medical or involve surgery. Medical, we use antiviral agents and interferon to manage the condition. The only surgical treatment is a liver transplant. This is performed when one develops and end-stage liver disease. Hematologists are specialists in liver diseases.

Allergology 2 الاجراءات

Allergy Testing

This is a test that involves having blood tests or skin tests to establish if an allergen or a subsistence can trigger an allergic reaction in the patient.

Allergology Consultation

This is a hospital visit by a suspected allergy patient like asthmatics or request for review by allergy specialists. It is important for continuous monitoring of an allergic patient. It involves the evaluation and treatment of immune and allergy diseases. Allergy tests like skin prick testing will be done to identify the causes of allergic reactions in a patient and proper medications administered to the patient. The patient will be counseled on how to avoid potential allergens.

Anesthetics 1 الاجراءات

Anesthesia

This is a medical procedure where patients are induced into a temporary state of loss of awareness or sensation.it may include amnesia, paralysis, unconsciousness or analgesia. It can be local or general. It is normally given before surgical procedures or in the ICU.

Dentistry Packages 3 الاجراءات

Dentistry Package

This is a collection of dental procedure or treatment that can be done on a patient all at an affordable, inclusive cost. The entire package can be done by a single dentist or a group of dentists.

Crowns and Hotel Package

This is an all-inclusive offer for accommodation and other hotel services at Crown Melbourne hotel available to patients during their entire treatment period in India. The clients will be offered great deals in good hotels to be able to have a conducive environment during their entire stay in India. Special discounts and offers like spas will be available. Crown Melbourne is a contemporary and stylish hotel.

Veneers and Hotel Package

This is an all-inclusive offer for accommodation and other services available to patients during their entire treatment period in India. The package included consultation charges, a comprehensive oral exam, Bite-Wing and panoramic X-rays, 3D smile design, full mouth polishing and scaling, teeth whitening, customized porcelain veneers, and smile stimulation. Hotel stay and accommodation are included.

Vascular Medicine 5 الاجراءات

Angiography

This is a medical imaging modality that is used to view the lumen or inside of organs and vessels in the body with a special interest in veins, arteries, and chambers of the heart. It helps reveal areas of blockage or areas with pathology. They include arteriogram, venograms, CT angiography, MR angiography. Examples microangiography, coronary angiography, etc.

Carotid Endarterectomy

This is a surgical procedure that is used to reduce one's risk of developing stroke by correcting present in the internal carotid artery or the common carotid artery. The procedure helps get rid of an atherosclerotic plug that usually develops in some patients arteries.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

An Aneurysm is a dilated section of an artery. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm occurs when the Abdominal Aorta enlarges and balloons outward at this point. The repair of AAA is achieved in two ways, i.e., endovascular Aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open repair.

Angioplasty

Sometimes referred to as percutaneous transluminal Angioplasty or balloon Angioplasty.it is a minimally y invasive procedure that is done to widen obstructed or narrowed veins and arteries typically to manage atherosclerosis. A balloon catheter is passed over a guided wire to the narrowed vessel which is then inflated. A stent is sometimes inserted during the ballooning phase to ensure that the vessel will remain open after the balloon is deflated and removed. It has several used, i.e., Coronary Angioplasty, carotid Angioplasty and Peripheral Angioplasty.

Aortic Arch Surgery

It a complex cardiothoracic operation done to manage aortic arch aneurysms. The procedure is often needed once the aneurism enlarges to a certain size, or when there is aortic dissection or when it ruptures. During the surgery, concomitant repair of other defects in the heart can be performed e.g. coronary artery blockage.

Cosmetology 7 الاجراءات

Chemical Peel

This is a technique that is used to smoothen and improve one’s skin texture. The most commonly treated skin is the facial skin. The skin can be improved and all scars removed. The technique works by removing the outer most layer of one’s skin. This is accomplished using agents that will injure a controlled injury to the skin which is the given time to heal naturally. The most common chemical agents used include beta hydroxyl acid peels, retinoic acid peels, jessers peel and phenol cotton oil peel.

Laser Tattoo Removal

Tattoos are usually permanent once done. This new technology allows one to get rid of tattoo pigment particles. It does this by heating up this particle and fragmenting them into small pieces. These small particles will them be cleared by the body’s immune system. Tattoo removal by the laser may require several visits to the doctor typically at least seven weeks apart.

Laser Skin Resurfacing

This is a cosmetic procedure that helps to rejuvenate one's skin and diminish the effect of aging, some facial disorders, and the sun. It helps reduce the appearance of imperfections on one's skin.it is a convenient, safe and effective procedure. It is quite cost-effective.

Cellulite Treatment

A Cellulite is a dimple lumpy flesh on the hips, thighs, stomach and the buttocks. They occur when deposits of fat push through connective tissue that lies beneath the skin. Some techniques are used to manage these conditions. These include laser treatment, acoustic wave therapy, subcision, vacuum-assisted precise tissue release, carboxytherapy, radiotherapy, ionithermie cellulite reduction treatment; laser-assisted liposuction, ultrasonic liposuction, and endermologie.

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Skin Treatment

This is a new technology currently used by medical and cosmetic practitioners to perform various skin treatment for therapeutic and aesthetic purposes including photo-rejuvenation (e.g., management of sun damage, thread veins, and skin pigmentation), hair removal and dermatologic conditions like acne.

Laser Hair Removal

This is the process of removing unwanted hair by exposing them to a beam of pulses of light that will destroy the hair follicles. The intense heat of the laser will damage these hair follicle inhibiting any future growth.

Skin Tightening Treatment

These is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that is done to tighten sagging or loose skin and reduce appearance of wrinkles in one’s neck, face and body. Laser skin tightening uses heat energy to stimulate elastin and collagen reduction in deeper layers of the skin thereby gradually improving the skin texture and tone.

Pathology 1 الاجراءات

Bone Marrow Aspiration

This is a procedure that involves taking samples of the soft tissue in a patient’s bone. Bone marrow is described as the tissue located in bones. It is spongy and contains hematopoietic stem cell that produces blood products like white bold cells, platelets, and red cells. The sampled bone will then undergo a pathological analysis (bone marrow examination).

Psychiatry 1 الاجراءات

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

It a psychiatric mode of treatment in which seizure get electrically induced in a patient to help provide relief from a mental illness.it is a procedure carried out under general anesthesia. ECT causes some changes in a patient’s brain chemistry that help reverse the symptoms of certain mental disorders.

Podiatric Medicine 1 الاجراءات

Corns and Calluses Treatment

Corns and Calluses are painful regions of the skin that appear between the toes, on the soles of the foot and the hand (hyperkeratosis). Treating this condition involve removing causes of pressure or friction and removing the thickened skin. The podiatrist can cut the thickened skin off. Other modalities include the use of skin care products and salicylic acid.

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine 7 الاجراءات

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Treatment

COPD is a lung disease that encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The condition is incurable, but treatment can help. It is thus a lifelong disease. Treatment starts with smoking cessation. Drugs such as bronchodilators, steroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, theophylline, and antibiotics are used. Lung therapies include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Surgical solutions available included lung transplant, bullectomy, and lung volume reduction surgeries.

Cystic Fibrosis Treatment

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary condition that causes damage to the digestive system, lungs and other parts of the human body. It commonly affects the cell that produces sweat, digestive juices, and mucus. Though currently, it has no cure, the conditions can be controlled to prevent complication and improved the patient quality of life. Specialists in cystic fibrosis will prepare a comprehensive treatment plan for the patient. Medications commonly used include antibiotics, the medications that make mucus thinner, ivacaftor, bronchodilators, and steroids. The patient is also taught maneuvers on how to deal with the condition.

Lung Biopsy

This is an interventional procedure that is done to diagnose pathologies of the lungs by obtaining samples that are then examined in histology or cytology under a microscope.

Bronchoscopy

This is an endoscopic procedure done to visualize the inside of the airways for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The endoscopic instrument is inserted into the airways via either the nose or mouth and sometimes via a tracheostomy.

Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment

TB can either be pulmonary or exra-pulmonary. Treatment of TB is done in two phases it the intensive phase and the continuation phase. The intensive phase is usually a two months period of treatment with rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. The continuation phase is usually a seven to eighteen months of treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid. The duration of the continuation phases is dependent of result of sensitivity tests and immune status of patient including comorbidities.

Pneumonectomy

This is a surgical operation to remove a lung. It is commonly used in the management of lung cancers. Two types of the procedure are available i.e. extra-pleural Pneumonectomy and simple Pneumonectomy.

Lung Transplant

A lung transplant is a useful treatment for respiratory disease that has curtailed the lung function severely. In such patients, a lung transplant can increase longevity and also help improve quality of life. However, lung transplant surgery is a complex procedure needing cutting edge facility and care. Severe, end-stage lung disease is a strong indication for a lung transplant. The procedure should be considered when all other treatment modalities have failed and also in people whose lung disease is so severe that they can no longer live and breathe comfortably.

Wellness 3 الاجراءات

Skin Treatment

This is a treatment that is specific to a client’s skin and designed specifically for a particular client by an expert skin therapist. This can be the treatment of aging skin, oily skin, acne, sensitivity and redness, removal of thread vein, sun damage and pigmentation, rosacea, and skin analysis. Advanced Treatment method available included ipixel treatment, oxygen lifting treatment, jetpeel 3v treatment, and laser treatment, Botox and image skincare. Also beauty, treatment is available.

Light Therapy

It is also known as heliotherapy or phototherapy. It consist of exposure to specific wavelengths of light using light emitting diode, dichroic light, fluorescent light or daylight. Techniques include: light boxes, and photodynamic therapy. It is an effective method to treat SAD.

Spa

This is the perfect getaway retreat for you when you are looking for some me time and just want to relax and experience the ultimate in spa pampering and savour organic plant based formulas and rich nutrient infused spa cuisine. This spa journey with our restorative collection of regal treatments including daily massages, body polishes, and holistic therapies, will gently melt your stress away and give you a visible transformation. Experience a journey of magnificent treatments for your body and senses combined with the most refined, organic and wild crafted botanical extracts rich in Pranic life force. Experience the best spa packages in India at this luxury wellness resort.

Endocrinology 3 الاجراءات

Diabetes Consultation

This is the review of a newly diagnosed or known diabetic patient by a diabetic care team. The doctors will take the patient history of the condition, carry out physical examinations to detect any diabetic complication, proper carryout investigations like RBS and educated the patient about his condition an, the impotence of drug compliance and possible lifestyle changes that patient will have to implement. The consult may decide to change the patient drugs.

Endocrinology Consultation

This is a review of a patient suspected or diagnosed with endocrinological disorders such as hyperthyroidism. The patient will undergo a clinical examination and relevant investigations ordered to check the patient’s general medical condition. The patient’s medications will also be reviewed, and if failing, they will be changed. The consult can be done to a gynecologic, obstetric, medical, surgical, pediatric or even a psychiatric patient.

Endocrinology Testing

These are tests done to diagnose or rule our Endocrinological disorders. The test measures the level of a certain hormone in the blood, e.g., estrogen, thyroid function test, growth hormone, stimulating follicle hormone, etc.

Maxillofacial Surgery 3 الاجراءات

Facial Paralysis Treatment

This treatment aims to improve the function and reduce damages to the facial nerve. The paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve leads to Bell’s palsy. Facial nerve paralysis is managed medically using corticosteroids, antivirals or a combination of both.

Facial Tumor Removal

The growth and removal of these tumors (whether malignant or benign) can affect the bones and soft tissues of ones face thereby altering its shape. The surgical methods available to remove these tumors depend on the type of tumor, site, and size. The tumors can be removed by curettage, surgical excision, and cryotherapy. It is normally performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons can come in to improve the cosmetic outcome of the procedures.

Jaw Fracture Treatment

The treatment of fractures of the jaw is often surgical, though this depends on the extent of the injuries. Clean jaws normally heal on their own if properly immobilized. Surgical repair is always needed to manage multiple fractures of the jaw bone. Closed reduction in dentate patients is achieved using Eric arch bars, bridle wire or ivy loop. Open reductions using compression screw, plate fixation or wire osteosynthesis are available.

Immunology 1 الاجراءات

Immunology Consultation

This is a patient review by a qualified immunologist. It includes tests done to diagnose or rule out a suspected immunological diseases. If present, a proper treatment plan including follow-up will be discussed with the patient.

Sleep Medicine 1 الاجراءات

Sleep Study

This is a non-invasive medical test that is done overnight to allow physicians to monitor ones sleep so as to see what is taking place in the body and brain. For this test, the patient will be taken to a sleep laboratory in a sleep center or a hospital where he will spend overnight. The most common sleep studies include multiple sleep lacency test (MSLT), polysomnogram and maintenance of weakness test (MWT).

Tropical medicine 1 الاجراءات

Malaria Treatment

Malarial is the leading killer in many part of Asia and Africa. A patient can present with specific or non-specific symptoms. History of residency or travel to malarial infected regions is important. The management offered will depend on whether it is complicated or uncomplicated. The type of drug used will also be influenced by pregnancy and allergy to some antimalarial.

Physical Therapy 1 الاجراءات

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

This is an advanced form of physical therapy (flexibility training) that incorporates the contraction and stretching of target muscle groups. It improves the strength of muscles and increases flexibility.

Paediatrics 1 الاجراءات

General Paediatrics

Includes Foetal and new-born care, Paediatric Critical Care, Asthma and other respiratory conditions, Paediatric heart conditions including cardiac surgeries, Childhood epilepsy, Food allergies and digestive disorders, Paediatric surgery, Organ transplantation- Liver, Kidney, Bone marrow transplant, Diabetes and renal conditions.

المتخصصين

متخصصون للعمل معهم Meitra Hospital, Kerala, India

DR. SHYAM SUNDAR S. Neurosurgery

  • Senior Consultant & Department Head – Neurosurgery
  • A Neurosurgeon with more than a decade of experience in the field, Dr. Shyam Sundar S. specializes in highly advanced procedures like endoscopic skull base and pituitary surgeries, minimal access/ minimally invasive procedures, neuro oncology and vascular surgery. An alumnus of Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, he served as an Additional Professor at Dept. of Neurosurgery at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi and a Consultant Neurosurgeon at Aster Medcity, Kochi. Dr. Shyam Sundar completed MBBS, MS General Surgery and MCh in Neurosurgery from Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. His areas of special interest are Endoscopic skull base and pituitary surgeries, minimal access or minimally invasive surgery, neuro oncology or skull base surgery and Neuro- vascular surgery.

DR. MISHAL JOHNY Neurosurgery

  • Dr. Mishal Johny is a Neurosurgeon with an experience of six years in the field of advanced and complex neurological procedures. He has special interest in minimally invasive cranial access procedures and spinal procedures (Keyhole procedures in brain and spine). His expertise is in skull base procedures and Neurovascular surgery. He is proficient in management of Neuro Oncological procedures (Brain Tumor surgery), complex Brain Trauma (Head injury). He was trained in General surgery too as a base to realise Neurological procedures in patients with multisystem affliction. Dr. Mishal Johny, who completed MBBS from Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode and MS General Surgery and MCh Neurosurgery from Govt. Medical College, Kottayam, received high profile training in neurological surgery from Cleveland Clinic Florida USA under the guidance of Dr Badih Adada, Chair to the Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland clinic Florida USA.

DR. ANOOP NARENDRAN Neurosurgery Spinal Surgery

  • Dr. Anoop Narendran is a consultant neurosurgeon with experience of more than three years. He completed training in General Surgery (MS) and Neurosurgery (MCh) from Govt. Medical College, Calicut. He has done fellowship in minimal access and advanced spine surgery from Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. He has completed clinical observership in Neurosurgery from Pauline Brathen Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic, Florida. He has completed the AO Spine course for management of degenerative spine disease from Hong Kong. He has undergone training in surgery for spine deformities from Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, South Korea. He specializes in minimally invasive and complex spine surgeries, head trauma, Neurovascular and Neuro-oncology. He was a former consultant in neurosurgery at Aster MIMS, Calicut. His areas of special interest are minimally invasive and complex spine surgeries, scoliosis and spine deformity correction, spinal cord tumour surgeries, management of complex spine trauma and rehabilitation and artificial disc replacement surgeries. He is also interested in clinical research in minimally invasive spine surgery for degenerative spine conditions.

DR. GEORGE ABRAHAM Orthopedics

  • Chairman Bone and Joint Care, Meitra Hospital
  • Dr. George Abraham is the Chairman of Bone and Joint Care at Meitra. Dr. George Abraham completed his undergraduate training from Government Medical College, Kozhikode. He underwent post graduate training in Orthopaedics from Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, one of the biggest training institutes in the country.
  • He served as a teaching faculty in CMC Hospital, Vellore for 11 years till 2001. He underwent training in Spine Surgery in 1997-98 in Australia. Later, he joined as Head of Department, Orthopaedics, Aster MIMS, Calicut, where he worked 15 years. DNB Orthopaedics Programme was initiated in the same institution under his guidance. His tutelage has given many outstanding doctors to the field. His articles published in more 12 international publications.

DR. SAMEER ALI PARAVATH Orthopedics

  • Consultant & Head of Joint Replacement and Arthroscopy
  • Dr. Sameer Ali P, Head of Joint replacement and Arthroscopy, completed his MBBS from ACME, Pariyaram in 2005. He did his post graduation (MS Ortho and D. Ortho) from Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram in 2010 and was awarded a Gold Medal. Later, he completed his Fellowship in Joint Replacement and Arthroscopic surgery from Germany in 2013. He completed Special Fellowship in Revision Joint Replacement from Lancaster General Hospital, USA, in 2016.
  • He started his career as Senior Registrar in Government Medical College Hospital, Kozhikode. Later joined in Aster MIMS Hospital, Calicut as a Consultant for Joint Replacement and Arthroscopy and continued there for 5 years.
  • He is the first surgeon in North Kerala who performed Reverse Shoulder Replacement and has an experience of over 2000 primary and 400 revision hip, knee and shoulder replacement surgeries.

DR. VINOD V. RAJAN Orthopedics Spinal Surgery

  • Senior Consultant-Bone and Joint Care Head of Spinal Surgery
  • Dr. Vinod V. Rajan is Head of Spine Surgery and Sr. Consultant, Bone and Joint Care, at Meitra Hospital. He completed his MBBS from Thrissur Medical College in 2000. He completed his post graduation MS Ortho and D. Ortho from Government Medical College, Calicut in 2004 and DNB in Orthopaedics in 2005. Later he completed his Fellowship in Spine Surgery from Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore in 2009. He underwent AO Spine Fellowship from Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham in 2014. He has a visiting fellowship in Spine Surgery from Cleveland Hospital, Florida in 2015.
  • Dr. Vinod V. Rajan started his career as Senior Registrar in Metropolitan Hospital, Thrissur, in 2004. He joined Baby Memorial Hospital, Calicut as Consultant in May 2009.He is the first qualified spine surgeon in North Kerala who performed more than 1000 spine surgeries ranging from base of skull to tail bone of various pathologies. His interests are in the field of deformity correction of the spine and complex spine surgeries.

DR. GOPALAKRISHNAN M. L. Orthopedics

  • Senior Consultant and Head of Hand and Microvascular Surgery
  • Dr. Gopalakrishnan, Senior consultant in the Department of Bone and Joint Care, Meitra, heads the Hand and Microvascular Surgery Wing. After completing Masters in Ortho, he worked at Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore. Later, he completed two years’ fellowship training in Hand and Microvascular surgery from the Institute for Research and Rehabilitation of Hand under Plastic Surgery Department of Stanley Hospital, Chennai. He worked in Aster MIMS till 2016.His areas of special interest are wrist surgeries and arthroscopy in addition to major and micro replants, Peripheral nerve surgeries and brachial plexus repair and reconstruction and bony and soft tissue repair and reconstruction in upper limb trauma.

DR. MOHAMED K Gastroenterology

  • Senior Consultant Gastroenterologist and Head of the Department
  • Dr. K Mohamed is a renowned medical gastroenterologist with around 17 years of clinical experience. He is an expert in diagnostic and therapeutic upper and a lower GI endoscopy procedure, which enables him, manage gastrointestinal disorders of all sorts known. He is one of the most sought after Gastroenterologists in Kerala, and constantly updates himself with all developments in treatment techniques and protocols. His areas of special interest include Hepatology and inflammatory bowel disease. He has served as associate professor and head of department in Gastroenterology at MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna and is popular among his students.

DR. ROHIT RAVINDRAN Gastroenterology Bariatric Surgery

  • Senior Consultant & HoD, Gastro Surgery
  • Dr. Rohit Ravindran is a young, dynamic, Gastrointestinal surgeon, with more than 8 years of experience in the field. He has completed his MBBS in 2000 and MS in General Surgery in 2006, from Calicut Government Medical College. He was awarded the Diplomate in National Board of General Surgery in 2007. He later went on to complete his diplomate in National Board in Gastrointestinal Surgery in 2011. He got his training under world’s one of the leading minimally invasive surgeon. His strengths include minimally invasive surgery, complex cholecystectomies, management of postoperative complications. Prior to joining Meitra Hospital, he worked at MIMS, Calicut, as a consultant and was part of the team which performed complex gastrointestinal surgical procedures including a successful lever transplant program. He was also awarded the fellowship of minimally access surgery (FMAS). He is also a member of National Academy of Medical Sciences.

DR. SHANAVAS KAKKAT Gastroenterology Bariatric Surgery

  • Dr. SHANAVAS is a young dynamic gastrointestinal surgeon with more than 4 years experience in the field of gastro surgery. He has been awarded fellowship in minimally invasive surgeries (FMAS) from the Association of Minimally Invasive Surgeon of India and fellowship from The Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons(FIAGES). He also received training in minimally invasive proctology from CE MAST Institute , Mumbai and minimally invasive abdominal wall hernia surgeries from the National University Hospital , Singapore. He is known for his ability in performing complex Gastro intestinal surgical procedures. His areas of special interests are Hepato , Pancretaic & Biliary Surgery, Liver transplantation and minimally invasive proctology.

DR.JIJO V. CHERIAN Gastroenterology

  • Dr. Jijo V. Cherian underwent his Gastroenterology training at the prestigious, Govt. Stanley Medical College at Chennai and has been practicing Gastroenterology since 2007. He has been trained in advanced therapeutic endoscopy and is competent to perform all diagnostic and therapeutic upper GI, Lower GI, ERCP and EUS related procedures. His areas of special interest are in ERCP and endoscopic procedures for weight reduction. He keeps updating himself with newer procedures and his acumen for research is well known. Having worked in many centers within Kozhikode and elsewhere he is one of the most experienced hands in Gastroenterology in North Kerala.

DR. ALI FAIZAL Cardiology

  • Senior Consultant – Cardiology, Director and Chief of Clinical Services
  • Dr. Ali Faizal, an alumnus of Calicut Medical College, worked as Consultant at the prestigious Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, along with doyens of cardiac care in the country after completing cardiology training from Bangalore University in 1996. He along with his team was instrumental in setting up one of the most successful and large cardiac care programs in Kerala. During this period the first successful Primary angioplasty program for treatment of myocardial infarction was established in the private sector, which proved a model for the others. He is one of most experienced interventional cardiologist in the state and is considered as a pioneer in the field in the state. Dr. Ali as one of the directors of MeitraHospital has taken up the additional responsibility of being the Chief of clinical services of the hospital to create and operate the best possible medical care in the region along with his team of clinicians.

DR. ASISHKUMAR MANDALAY Cardiology

  • Dr. Asishkumar Mandalay is the chairman of Cardiology and a senior consultant, who brings with him more than 17 years of experience in the field of Cardiology. Trained in Cardiology at the prestigious Christian Medical College, Vellore, Dr. Asishkumar Mandalay is highly respected for his ethical, dedicated and scientific practice, and is a well-known and experienced interventionalist with expertise in complex coronary and lower extremity interventions, endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm and dissection, post-transplant interventions and many others. He was also actively involved in the training of post-graduate students in Cardiology. He has received advanced training in Rotational artherectomy and IVUS from Miyasaki, Japan and Endovascular treatment of aortic dissection from Guanzhou, China.
  • Focus Areas Complex coronary intervention Peripheral Arterial Disease Interventions for Aortic Aneurysms Trans catheter Valve interventions Heart Failure Cardiac Arrhythmias

DR. JAYESH BHASKARAN Cardiology

  • Senior consultant & Interventional Cardiologist
  • Dr. Jayesh is a renowned Interventional Cardiologist who brings with him more than 12 years of experience in interventional cardiology and has performed thousands of complex coronary interventions (PTCA), valvular interventions, and pacing devices. At MEITRA, he heads the division of coronary interventions. Dr. Jayesh Bhaskaran completed MBBS and MD (General Medicine) from Government Medical College, Kozhikode, DM Cardiology from Mumbai University and CTO Angioplasty training from Toyohashi Heart Center, Japan. His areas of special interest are complex coronary angioplasty including Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation) for calcific coronary lesions, left main and bifurcation stenting and CTO (Chronic Total Occlusion) angioplasty operator and routinely performs both Antegrade anad Retrograde CTO angioplasties especially for failed cases.

DR. ANEES THAJUDEEN Cardiology

  • Senior Consultant – Cardiology and Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Dr. Anees Thajudeen is an interventional electrophysiologist and cardiologist with more than a decade of experience in the field. His areas of interest are interventions for complex ventricular and atrial arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease. He has expertise in cryoablation for atrial fibrillation and 3D mapping systems to reduce fluroscopic radiation exposure during complex ablations. He is also an expert in device implants and follow up for implantable cardioverters and cardiac re-synchronization devices for heart failure. From 2008 till 2016, Dr. Anees worked as a faculty in Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), where he served as Additional Professor in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology. He worked as a consultant in cardiac electrophysiology at the Hamad Heart Hospital, Doha, Qatar from November 2015 to August 2017.

DR. MURALI P. VETTATH Cardiology

  • Chairman – Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Dr. Murali P. Vettath is a new generation coronary surgeon – one of the handful of surgeons in the world, performing 100% of his coronary surgeries on beating heart without the use of Heart Lung Machine. He has been a pioneer and protagonist of this ‘cutting edge technology’ and has trained numerous surgeons and anaesthesiologists in this field of cardiac surgery around the world.
  • He has 26 years’ post MCh experience in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, including 18 years as Chief Cardiothoracic Surgeon. He has performed more than 7000 open heart surgeries with more than 4500 of them on beating heart for coronary artery bypass surgery with a mortality of less than 0.5%. He has only one conversion to the pump in the last 3500 odd OPCAB (Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass) surgeries. He performed the first MICS (minimally invasive cardiac surgery) in Kerala in July 2002.

DR.BABURAJAN A.K Cardiology

  • Dr.Baburajan A.K, has joined with Meitra Hospital, as a Senior Consultant, in the department of Cardio Vascular Thoracic Surgery. He will be a tremendous addition to our center of excellence, with handful of experience at full flourished organizations inside and outside of Kerala. He has his special interest in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery (Keyhole surgery) and beating heart Surgery, and was trained under Prof Obadiya Leon Parris. He has done more than 50% key hole procedures in AST, Aortic valve replacement,VSD and CABG . He and his team were instrumental for setting up the Cardiothoracic Surgery department in Jubilee Medical Mission and Avitis Institute of Medical Sciences. He has trained at the Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery under eminent cardiac surgeons like Prof. K.S.Neelakandan and Prof. Jayakumar.

DR. VINUGOPAL Nephrology

  • Dr. Vinugopal, has joined with Meitra as a Consultant in the department of Nephrology. He has done his MBBS from Calicut Medical College, in the year of 2005, MD – General Medicine from Kottayam Medical College in 2010. He has done DM in Nephrology from Trivandrum Medical College in the year of 2014 and DNB Nephrology in the year of 2014. He is very well experienced in the field and Renal transplantation and clinical nephrology, as his area of interest.

DR. SARFARAZ ASLAM Nephrology

  • Dr. Sarfaraz Aslam is a Consultant in the Department of Nephrology. After finishing MBBS and internship from Government Medical College Coimbatore he trained in Internal Medicine from the prestigious Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry. Dr Sarfaraz was trained in Nephrology from Calicut Medical College. His areas of interest include Glomerular diseases, Peritoneal Dialysis and other forms of Renal Replacement Therapy and Onco-Nephrology to mention a few.

DR. GEORGE C JOSEPH Urology

  • Senior Consultant and HOD of Urology & Renal Transplantation
  • Dr.George.C.Joseph, MS, MCh(Urology) , DNB( Urology) is the senior consultant and head of the department. He has about 18 years of experience in Urology, working as a Urologist and Transplant surgeon in JCI and NABH accredited tertiary care hospitals .Well versed with the major sub-specialities in Urology his main fields of interest are Endourology,Uro-Oncology and Uro-Laparoscopy. He is trained in Uro-Laparoscopy and Uro -Oncology in centres in India and abroad.

DR. MANIKANDAN. M Urology

  • Dr. Manikandan. M, is a well experienced hands in the field. His areas of interest include Renal transplantation, Uro-Oncology, Reconstructive Urology, Andrology etc. He has done his MBBS and MCh (Urology) from Government Medical College, Calicut. He has done his DNB Urology under National Board of Examinations.

DR. ASHRAF V V Neurology

  • A Neurologist with more than 15 years of experience, Dr. Ashraf V V is an expert in treating complex neurological problems and various neurological emergencies. He has done specialized training in epilepsy at UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London. He is actively involved in clinical research and training postgraduates in Neurology. He completed MBBS and MD General Medicine from Calicut Medical College and DM (Neurology) from National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore. His areas of special interest are Epilepsy, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Neuromuscular Disorders.
  • Focus Areas: Epilepsy, Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromuscular Disorders

DR. K.A. SALAM Neurology

  • Chairman- Neurosciences
  • Dr. K.A. Salam, one of the senior most experienced neurologist in the state is the Chairman of the Neurosciences division. He started his career as a faculty at Medical College Calicut. Later he established the department of neurosciences at Baby Memorial Hospital where he continued to train, teach and inspire the younger generation of neuroscientists. He was instrumental in starting and popularizing thrombolytic therapy for Stroke, in the Malabar region. He also founded the Calicut Neurological Society (CNS), which is now an active forum for discussions and learning. He is past president of Neurological Society of India (NSI) Kerala chapter and Kerala Association of Neurologists (KAN). A keen sports person, he strongly believes in prescribing exercise as a therapeutic measure for many Neurological disorders.
  • Focus Areas: Stroke Neuroimmunology Behavioral Neurology

DR RAGESH RADHAKRISHNAN NAIR Oncology Stem Cell

  • Director – Haemato Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant
  • Dr Ragesh Radhakrishnan Nair was trained at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS- New Delhi), India’s most premier and top most medical institute for 7 years, for both MD(Internal Medicine) and DM(Clinical Haematology).
  • He specialises in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma, lymphomas, leukaemia’s like AML/ALL/MPAL, CLL, MDS, CML, Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia vera, Essential thrombocytosis, Aplastic anemia, ITP, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), assessment of low Hb/low platelets/low WBC, bleeding disorders, DVT, and other blood disorders of both adults and paediatric patients.
  • He performs adult and pediatric bone marrow transplants (BMT) for various malignant blood disorders (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma (Plasma cell dyscrasias), non-malignant blood disorders( Aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia), cases of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. He has special focus on complex cases with allogenic and autologous BMT.
  • He has the experience of performing transplants of patients from Kerala to Northern India to across the globe from Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Various African nations , UK, Netherland, Switzerland, USA ,Canada and the CSR countries.

احصل على رد مجاني من الفريق.


اكتب استفسارك


احصل على خطة علاجية مجانية بما في ذلك تقدير السعر ، ملف تعريف الاستشاري ، إلخ.

×

احصل على خطة علاجية مجانية شخصية لحالتك الطبية.

احصل على خطة علاجية مجانية تتضمن معلومات مفصلة حول تقديرات تكلفة العلاج ، وطبيب سيعالجك ، ومدة الإقامة والعلاج ، ومعدلات النجاح وما إلى ذلك.

ملف جديد



السيرة الذاتية للمريض

User

تشخيص طبي

إذا كنت تحمل أي تقارير طبية عن حالتك من أي مستشفى / طبيب في العالم ، فنحن نقبلها جميعًا. عن طريق تحميل التقارير الطبية ، يمكن لأطبائنا / أطبائنا الاطلاع على التقرير على نطاق واسع واقتراح خطة العلاج المناسبة اللازمة لتحسين صحتك. من السهل. فقط اضغط على "إرفاق" واختر الملف.

اضافة تقرير

التقرير المضاف

    لتفاصيل العامة